基于区块链技术的特色农产品质量供应链设计研究:以“门头沟京白梨”为例

The Design of Quality Supply Chain of Characteristic Agricultural Products Based on Blockchain Technology: Taking‘Mentougou Jingbai Pear’Pyrus ussuriensis Maxin as an Example

针对不良经济活动导致特色农产品品牌严重受损、传统农产品质量追溯技术数据易被篡改等问题,研究设计基于区块链的质量供应链技术,有效发挥追溯技术在保障特色农产品质量供应链中的作用。本研究以“门头沟京白梨”为例,系统阐述北京市门头沟区‘京白梨’产业现状及特色农产品质量供应链存在的问题,分析区块链应用于特色农产品追溯的技术可行性。基于区块链技术分布式存储、去中心化和不可篡改性等特点,设计了“门头沟京白梨”质量安全可追溯体系的总体构架,基于区块链的技术架构,阐述了在种植、仓储、流通、消费和监管等环节质量信息全程记录和追溯管理的实现途径,以期为构建基于区块链的特色农产品质量安全追溯技术与实践提供支持。建立的特色农产品质量供应链体系,将会使特色农产品品牌和质量得到更加有效的保护、监督和管理。

In view of the serious damage to the characteristic agricultural product brand caused by adverse economic activities, and the easy tampering of the traditional agricultural product quality traceability technology data, we design the quality supply chain technology based on blockchain, to ensure the effective role of the traceability technology in the quality supply chain of characteristic agricultural products. Taking‘Mentougou Jingbai Pear’as an example, this study systematically expounds the current situation of‘Jingbai Pear’industry in Mentougou District of Beijing and the problems existing in the quality supply chain of characteristic agricultural products, and analyzes the technical feasibility of applying blockchain to the traceability of characteristic agricultural products. Based on the characteristics of distributed storage,decentralization and immutability of blockchain technology, the overall framework of the quality, safety and traceability system for‘Mentougou Jingbai Pear’is designed. The realization methods of whole-process recording and traceability management of quality information in the links of planting, warehousing,transportation, consumption and supervision are expounded, in order to provide support for the construction of the quality and safety traceability technology of characteristic agricultural products based on blockchain. The established quality supply chain system of characteristic agricultural products will enable more effective protection, supervision and management of the brand and quality of characteristic agricultural products.