持续高温干旱胁迫对春玉米生长的影响

Effects of Continuous High Temperature and Drought Stress on the Growth of Spring Maize

为了探究高温和干旱对春玉米生长的影响,本研究以春玉米‘科河28号’为材料,设置正常灌溉、持续干旱和持续高温3种处理,探求干旱区高温干旱发生发展过程对春玉米生长的影响。结果表明:(1)持续高温处理下,春玉米苗期缩短9~13天,穗期生育间隔延长6~12天,花粒期不完整;而持续干旱处理,春玉米营养生长与生殖生长并进期延长3~8天,无法正常灌浆成熟。(2)持续高温处理,春玉米前期生长快,抽雄后高度不再增加;而持续干旱处理,春玉米生长缓慢,拔节期之后植株高度显著偏小;持续高温和干旱处理,单株总叶面积和比叶面积拔节期之后均较对照偏小。(3)干物质分配率在持续高温处理中呈现茎>叶片>叶鞘,在持续干旱处理中呈现叶片>茎>叶鞘,穗很小,造成经济产出少,而在对照处理中呈现穗>茎>叶片>叶鞘。(4)持续高温和干旱处理下含水率呈现叶鞘>茎>叶片。受高温和干旱胁迫,产量不保时,抽雄期进行粮转饲较合适。本研究可以为科学抗旱减灾工作提供理论依据。

In order to explore the effects of high temperature and drought on the growth of spring maize,this paper took spring maize‘Kehe No.28’as the material,and set up three treatments of normal irrigation,continuous drought and continuous high temperature during the whole growth stage.The effects of high temperature and drought on spring maize growth in arid area were studied.The results showed that:(1)under continuous high temperature treatment,the spring maize seedling period was shortened by 9-13 days,the growth interval of the ear period was extended by 6-12 days,and the flowering and kernel period were incomplete;while under continuous drought treatment,the simultaneous period of spring maize vegetative growth and reproductive growth was prolonged by 3-8 days,and the grain filling and maturity could not be completed normally;(2)under continuous high temperature treatment,the spring maize grew fast in the early stage,and the height did not increase after tasseling;while under continuous drought treatment,the spring maize grew slowly,and the plant height was significantly smaller after the jointing period;under continuous high temperature and drought treatment,the total leaf area and specific leaf area per plant were smaller than those of the control after jointing period;(3)under continuous high temperature,dry matter distribution in spring maize was stem>leaf>leaf sheath,while under continuous drought,that was leaf>stem>leaf sheath,and the dry matter distribution in ears was very small,resulting in less economic output;while under the control,the order was ear>stem>leaf>leaf sheath;(4)under continuous high temperature and drought treatment,the moisture content was leaf sheath>stem>leaf.Under the stress of high temperature and drought,when the yield cannot be guaranteed,it is more appropriate to transfer grain to feed during the tasseling period.This study can provide a theoretical basis for scientific drought relief and disaster reduction.