司法能动主义视野下的女同伴侣代孕生育子女抚养权纠纷裁判——基于国内首起案例

Adjudication of Child Custody Disputes due to LesbianPartner Surrogacy from the Perspective of Judicial Activism:Based on the First Domestic Case

女同伴侣代孕生育子女抚养权纠纷是新时代社会生活出现的新类型案件,当前中国立法尚无明确相应的调整规范。由于代孕导致血缘关系和分娩行为出现分离,基于血统推定母亲身份的做法在逻辑上已不成立,有必要构建相应裁判规则。面对审判实践的考验,司法机关在案件裁判中应当遵循社会主义核心价值观来引导裁判规范的查找与确定,以增强裁判的前瞻性,提升能动司法的有序性与规范性。为此,司法实践中认定代孕子女抚养权的归属,应当采取法律拟制构建亲子关系,考虑如何分配更能够维护基于情感纽带关系建立起来的家庭伦理,符合儿童利益最大化原则,以社会主义核心价值观为引领,根据个案实际情况综合判断。在特殊情况下,基于法秩序与个人权益权衡,可灵活变更子女抚养权。

Child custody disputes resulted from lesbian partner surrogacy is a new type of cases emerging from social life in the new era,which,at present,cannot be regulated for there is no clear corresponding legislation in China.Since surrogacy leads to the separation of consanguinity and childbirth,the presumption of motherhood based on descent is no longer logically valid,so it is necessary to construct corresponding rules of adjudication.Faced with the test of judicial practice,the judiciary authorities should follow the socialist core values to guide the locating and determination of judicial norms in case adjudication,so as to enhance the foresightedness of the adjudication and promote the order and standardization of active justice.To this end,when identifying the ownership of custody of surrogate children in juridical practice,legal fiction should be adopted to establish the parent-child relationship.It is necessary to consider in what way the family ethics established on the basis of emotional bond can be better maintained,which is in line with the principle of maximizing the interests of children.The core values of socialism should be regarded as a guide to make comprehensive judgement according to the actual situation of any individual case.Under special circumstances,the child custody may be changed flexibly on the basis of the balance between the legal order and the rights and interests of individuals.