甘肃省陇东地区小米营养成分分析与综合评价

Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of nutritional components of millets from Longdong area in Gansu Province

目的探究甘肃省陇东地区小米营养成分含量差异,并对其营养品质进行综合评价。方法以不同地理来源的小米样品为研究对象,对其矿物元素、脂肪酸组分和常规营养成分进行测定,采用方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)对小米营养品质进行分析与评价。结果小米矿物元素含量丰富,矿物元素总量范围为5284.45~7004.24 mg/kg,4种常量元素和6种微量元素含量在不同产地小米间差异显著(P<0.05)。小米中不饱和脂肪酸(unsaturated fatty acid,UFA)与饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acid,SFA)的比值(UFA/SFA)在5.88~13.82之间,优质脂肪比例较高。蛋白质、粗淀粉和粗脂肪含量分别在10.79~12.90 g/100 g、71.56%~74.24%、4.48%~5.69%之间,变异系数均小于10%,地区间差异不大。通过PCA共提取5个主成分,累计方差贡献率为89.04%。PCA综合评价结果表明,QT(庆城县太白梁乡)、ZW(镇原县武沟乡)和ZZ(镇原县中原乡)营养品质高,而ZF-1(镇原县方山乡陇谷13号)和XS(西峰区什社乡)营养价值较差;HCA将9份小米样品分为4类,第Ⅲ类小米综合品质表现最好,第Ⅱ和Ⅳ小米综合品质相对较差。结论不同地理来源的小米样品营养成分含量存在差异性,庆城县太白梁乡小米(QT)综合营养品质水平最高。

Objective To explore the difference in nutritional components of millets from Longdong area in Gansu Province and comprehensively evaluate its nutritional quality. Methods Millets from different geographical origins were used as research objects, mineral elements, fatty acid compositions and conventional nutrients were determined. Analysis and evaluation of nutritional quality were performed using analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis(PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA). Results There were abundant mineral elements in millet, the total elements content was 5284.45-7004.24 mg/kg, there were significant differences in the content of 4 kinds of major elements and 6 kinds of trace elements of millet from different producing areas(P<0.05). The ratio of unsaturated acids(UFA) to saturated acid(SFA)(UFA/SFA) in millet was at 5.88-13.82, the fat quality was high. The content of protein, starch and crude fat was at 10.79-12.90 g/100 g,71.56%-74.24% and 4.48%-5.69%, respectively, their coefficient of variations were less than 10%, there were no significant differences in millet from different producing areas. Five principal components were extracted after PCA,and the cumulative contribution approximated to 89.04%. Comprehensive evaluation result based on PCA showed that QT(Taibailiang Village Qingcheng Country), ZW(Wugou Village Zhenyuan Country) and ZZ(Zhongyuan Village Zhenyuan Country) had the best comprehensive nutrition quality, the nutritional value of ZF-1(Longgu 13from Fangshan Village Zhenyuan Country) and XS(Shishe Village Xifeng District) was relatively lower. HCA had divided 9 millets samples into 4 categories, comprehensive quality performances of class Ⅲ was optimal, but class Ⅱ and Ⅳ had relatively poor nutrition quality. Conclusion There is a difference for nutritional components content in millet from different geographical origins, millet from Taibailiang village Qingcheng country(QT) has excellent nutritional quality.