垄厢栽培对水稻根系及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of ridge and box cultivation on rice roots and soil fertility

以中嘉早17(早稻季)和泰优390(晚稻季)为试验材料,2019年在湖南省浏阳市开展大田小区试验,探究3种栽培方式(垄作栽培、厢作栽培、平作栽培)对水稻根系特性、土壤肥力及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:相比平作,垄作栽培显著提高了晚稻孕穗期、齐穗期的根总长和根表面积,其中,孕穗期的根总长和根表面积分别显著提高49.43%、52.14%,齐穗期的根总长和根表面积分别提高46.13%、36.90%;厢作栽培降低了晚稻分蘖盛期的根总长和根表面积,分别显著降低33.75%、31.39%;垄作栽培提高了早、晚稻孕穗期、齐穗期的根系伤流量,其中,早稻孕穗期、齐穗期的根系伤流量分别显著提高73.31%、101.14%,晚稻孕穗期、齐穗期的根系伤流量分别显著提高92.81%、52.22%;与平作相比,垄作栽培显著提高早、晚季稻田土壤脲酶活性、0~20 cm土层中有机碳的含量以及晚稻季>5~20 cm土层中碳氮比值,厢作栽培显著降低了晚稻>5~10 cm土层中有机碳含量;相比平作栽培,垄作栽培增加了早、晚稻有效穗数与每穗总粒数,产量分别提高了30.20%和10.75%。综上,相比平作和厢作,垄作栽培更有利于提升稻田土壤地力和提高双季稻产量。

To investigate the effects of three cultivation methods(ridge cultivation,box ditch cultivation,flat cultivation(conventional))on rice root characteristics,soil fertility and rice yield,we performed a field plot experiment in Liuyang City,Hunan Province by use of Zhongjiazao 17(early rice season)and Taiyou 390(late rice season).The results showed that compared with flat cultivation,ridge cultivation had more of the total root length and root surface area from booting stage to full heading stage of late rice season,which were 49.43%,46.13%and 52.14%,36.90%respectively.The total root length and root surface area at the peak tillering stage in the late rice season were fewer by 33.75%and 31.39%,respectively.The ridge cultivation increased root bleeding volume from booting stage to full heading stage in early and late seasons by 73.31%,101.14%and 92.81%,52.22%respectively.Meanwhile,compared with flat cultivation,the ridge cultivation significantly increased soil urease activity in early and late rice fields as well as the content of organic carbon in 0-20 cm soil layer in early and late season.The box cultivation significantly decreased the content of organic carbon in>5-10 cm soil layer in late season with no significant difference in total nitrogen content in 0-10cm soil layer of rice fields in early and late rice seasons.In>10-20 cm soil layer of late rice season,flat cultivation owned the highest total nitrogen content,which was significantly higher than that in other treatments(47.22%-55.88%).In addition,ridge culture could increase the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the>5-20 cm soil layer of late rice season and the effective panicles and total grains per panicle in early and late rice seasons,while the box cultivation increased the total grains per panicle in early and late rice seasons resulting the increased yield.In conclusion,the ridge cultivation was in favor of increasing the soil fertility of rice fields and the yield of double cropping rice.