法学视角下心理咨询人员披露义务的制度完善研究

Research on the Institutional Improvement of Disclosure Obligations of Psychological Counselors from a Perspective of Jurisprudence

心理咨询人员的披露义务不仅是对来访者个人信息受保护权与隐私权的限制,亦是对心理咨询人员的约束。因此规范心理咨询人员披露义务的履行有助于明晰心理咨询活动中来访者的个人自由边界,同时促使心理咨询人员在保护公共利益与第三人利益上发挥应有的积极作用。完善心理咨询人员的信息披露义务制度是为我国心理咨询行业营造良性发展环境的必然要求。当前法律忽视了心理咨询人员的信息披露行为的存在必要性,缺乏健全的法律制度以保障心理咨询人员披露义务的履行,使得披露义务的有效履行受阻。心理咨询人员在信息披露过程中存在的问题主要有信息披露前提规定片面、信息披露范围规定简略、来访者的知情同意权欠缺保障和违反披露义务的法律责任有待完善。对此,应当明晰心理咨询人员履行披露义务的前提,明确心理咨询人员实施信息披露的范围,保障来访者的知情同意权,以及明确具体的不作为侵权类型。

The disclosure obligation of psychological counselors is not only a restriction on the right to protection of personal information and privacy of visitors,but also a constraint on psychological counselors.Therefore,regulating the disclosure obligation of psychological counselors can help clarify the boundary of the personal freedom of visitors in psychological counseling activities,and encourage psychological counselors to play an active role in protecting public interests and the interests of third parties.Improving the disclosure system for psychological counselors is a necessary requirement for creating a healthy development environment for the psychological counseling in China.However,current law ignores the necessity of the existence of the disclosure behavior of psychological counselors,and this is not a sound legal system to guarantee the performance of the disclosure obligation of psychological counselors,which makes the effective performance of the disclosure obligation obstructed.The problems in the process of information disclosure by psychological counselors mainly include one-sided regulations on the prerequisites for information disclosure,brief regulations on the scope of information disclosure,lack of protection of the visitor’s right to informed consent,and legal liability for violation of disclosure obligations to be improved.In this regard,the prerequisites for psychological counselors to fulfill their disclosure obligations should be clarified,the scope of information disclosure by psychological counselors should be clarified,the visitor’s right to informed consent should be protected,and the specific types of infringement by omission should be clarified.