城市河道生态环境质量评价方法研究

Evaluation method of urban river ecological environment quality

城市河道生态环境质量评价体系为城市水环境管理和水生态环境质量的提升提供科学基础和重要技术支撑。由于目前缺乏易操作的、普适性的、综合的城市河道生态环境评价指标体系,文章通过研究国内外典型水生态环境质量评价技术与方法结合我国城市河道生态环境特征,构建了基于水质、生境和水生生物3大要素的城市河道生态环境综合评价体系。同时选择我国东部平原河网的某城市对所建方法进行了示例分析。结果表明,研究区河道生态环境综合质量为优和良的百分比为74%,中和差的比例为26%。说明研究区河道生态环境综合质量整体良好,影响河道生态环境质量的主要原因是部分点位水质和生境质量状况较差。其中河道生态环境质量优和良的点位主要分布在北部地区,较差的点位主要分布在中南部地区。实证研究结果证明文章所建方法对城市水环境的有效评估和管理具有重要意义,为进一步完善和规范我国城市河道生态环境质量评价体系提供科学参考。

The evaluation system of urban river ecological environment quality provided a scientific basis and important technical support for urban river environment management and river ecological environment quality improvement. Because of the lack of convenient, universal and comprehensive urban river ecological environment evaluation index system, this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation system of urban river ecological environment based on three factors of water quality, habitat and aquatic organisms according to the research of typical river ecological environment quality and the research on urban river ecological environment at home and abroad. The paper selected a city of the eastern China to analyze the method, and the results showed that the comprehensive ecological environment quality of 74% of the rivers in the study area was excellent or good, the proportion of neutral and poor was 26%. It showed that the overall quality of the river ecological environment in the study area was good, and the main reason affecting the river ecological environment quality was the poor water quality and the habitat quality at some points.Among them, the points with excellent and good river ecological environment quality were mainly distributed in the northern region,and the poor points were mainly distributed in the central and southern region. The empirical results showed that the method established in this study was significant for the effective evaluation and management of urban water environment, and provided a scientific reference for further improving and standardizing the ecological environment quality evaluation system of urban rivers in China.