东巴仪式表演的文本特征研究

A Study on the Textual Features of Dongba Ritual Performance

仪式产生文本。东巴叙事文本产生于东巴仪事。东巴叙事传统文本既是口头与书面的复合型文本,也是诗、歌、舞、画等多元表演艺术形态的复合型文本,而且这一口头与书面互文的复合型文本与仪式叙事中的东巴音乐、东巴绘画、东巴舞蹈、东巴工艺等多模态的文本交织融汇于一体,从而体现出多元模态的文本形态。仪式表演文本类型既可根据仪式类型进行宏观层面的划分,也可根据同一仪式类型的规模进行更为详细的划分,说明仪式表演文本类型的确定必须基于仪式的外部与内部因素,二者是传统的产物。这些不同模态的文本之所以能够形成一个统一的仪式叙事文本关键在于仪式程式。仪式程式是各个仪式叙事要素的程式关系之和,也是仪式主持者能够圆满完成仪式的秘密武器。

Text is originated from ritual,so Dongba narrative text from Dongba ritual.The traditional text of Dongba narrative is not only a compound text of oral and written,but also a compound text of poetry,song,dance,painting and other multi-modal performing art forms.Moreover,this compound text of oral and written intertextuality is intertwined and integrated with the multi-modal text of Dongba music,Dongba painting,Dongba dance,Dongba technology and other multi-modal texts in ritual narrative,thus reflecting the multi-modal text forms.The text type of ritual performance can be divided at the macro level according to the ritual type,and can also be divided in more detail according to the scale of the same ritual type.It shows that the determination of the text type of ritual performance must be based on the external and internal factors of the ritual.Both of them are are the products of the tradition.The key to the formation of a unified ritual narrative text from these texts of different modes is the ritual formula.The ritual formula is the sum of the formula relations of the various ritual narrative elements,and is also the important tool that the ritual host can successfully complete the ritual.