倾听传播研究的三大范式

Three Research Paradigms of Listening Communication

沟通由听与说共同构成,二者同等重要。人类要准确认识沟通与对话就必须克服逻各斯中心倾向导致的“重说轻听”问题。由于长期以来倾听研究未取得与表达对等的学术地位,其学术脉络、研究旨趣、重要流派与理论观点少有人知。重返传播思想史可以帮助我们重新认识这一长期被遮蔽的学术分支。从认识论出发,当代倾听研究的系谱可以划分为三大范式(认知范式、现象学范式、媒介研究范式)。在三个范式的演进中“能力说”“过程说”“关系说”“伦理说”“文化说”先后涌现,学术界对倾听行为的认知不断深化,并且在这个过程中“倾听”不断与其他传播理论产生勾连和碰撞,启发我们对许多传播学的基本问题展开新的学术想象。

Communication consists in listening and speaking,both of which are equally important.To recognize communication and dialogue behavior rightly,it's necessary to overcome the long-standing partiality for expression which is caused by Logos Centralism and to pay attention to listening.Listening research has not achieved the same academic status as expression,so its academic context,research purport,important schools and theoretical views are rarely known.Returning to the history of communication thoughts can help us to re-understand this academic branch which has been covered for a long time.Starting from“what is listening”,this study divides the contemporary listening research into three paradigms(cognitive paradigm,hermeneutic paradigm,media research paradigm),so that it presents a complete knowledge map of listening.We find that different viewpoints,such as“capability theory”,“process theory”,“relationship theory”,“ethical theory”and“cultural theory”,have emerged successively.This is a process in which we deepen our cognition of listening.Listening is getting into conversation with other communication theories and inspires us to launch a new academic imagination on some basic issues within communication.