不同品种、季节和基因型对种公猪精液质量的影响

Effects of different breeds,seasons and genotypes on semen quality of boars

[目的]探讨不同品种、季节和精液质量优势基因型对种公猪精液的影响,以期合理做好种公猪站育种和管理。[方法]分析四川省种猪基因交流中心2020年12月11日—2021年12月11日48头种公猪743份精液数据,并使用康普森基因芯片对48头种公猪进行精液品质基因型检测。[结果]在杜洛克公猪中,Qq型在采精量和有效精子数上均显著高于QQ型和无此基因型;在长白猪中,采精量QQ型优于无此基因型,但是在密度和有效精子数上低于无此基因型;在大白猪中,qq型在采精量上极显著低于其他基因型,但是在有效精子数上仅显著低于QQ型。在冬-春-夏-秋-冬季节变化中,精液量呈递增趋势,精液密度第1年冬季最高,第2年夏季最低,活力有下降的趋势,但是差异不显著;有效精子数从第1年冬季到第2年春季显著下降,从春季到冬季呈现递增趋势且差异极显著;不同品种公猪采精量和有效精子数差异很大,长白>大白>杜洛克>川乡黑猪,在精液密度上:杜洛克>川乡黑猪>长白>大白。[结论]精液质量优势基因型在大白猪中可以应用于选种,在其他猪种中还需要进一步研究。

[Objectives]The influences of different breeds,seasons and genotypes on the semen were explored for a better breeding and management by analyzing the data of semen quality for more than one year.[Methods]743 semen datas from 48 boars of Sichuan Breeding Pig Gene Exchange Center during December 11,2020 to December 11,2021,were analyzed,and the genotypes of 48 boars’semen quality were detected by Compass Biotechnology.[Results]In Duroc boars,the semen volume and effective sperm count of Qq genotype were significantly higher than QQ genotype and those without the genotype,for QQ genotype,the semen volume were higher than those without the genotype,but the density and the number of effective sperm were less in Landrace,the semen volume of qq genotype were lest but the number of effective sperm were just less than QQ genotype in Yorkshire.With the changes of winter-spring-summer-autumn-winter,the semen volume were increasing,and the density were most in the first winter,and least in the summer,the vitality of semen were dropping,but the difference were not evidently.From the winter of the first year to the spring of the second year,the effective sperm count were less in first winter than spring,but increasing from spring to winter.The semen volume and effective sperm count of Landrace were more than Yorkshire,Duroc and Chuanxiang black swine,the density in Duroc were more than Chuanxiang black swine,Landrace and Yorkshire.[Conclusions]The dominant genotypes of semen can be used for breeding selection in Yorkshire,but further researches were needed in other breeds.