菌酶协同发酵对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响

Effect of bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermentation on the quality of corn stalk silage

[目的]玉米秸秆青贮是反刍动物的重要粗饲料来源,本试验旨在探究菌酶协同发酵对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响。[方法]本试验设计4个处理:CK对照组(无添加剂)、E组(添加0.1%复合酶)、L组(添加10^(6) cfu/g复合乳酸菌)、EL组(添加0.1%复合酶+10^(6) cfu/g复合乳酸菌),每组重复3次,发酵60 d后测定各组青贮饲料的发酵指标、营养成分及微生物数量。[结果]与对照组相比,各试验组青贮饲料的感官品质明显提高。除干物质含量外,各组青贮饲料的发酵指标、营养成分与对照组有显著差异,其中EL组青贮饲料的pH、氨态氮/总氮、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于其他组,粗蛋白含量显著高于其他组。与对照组相比,EL组显著提高了青贮饲料的乳酸菌数量,显著降低了酵母菌、霉菌与好氧细菌数量。[结论]采用复合酶与复合益生菌协同发酵玉米秸秆能够显著降低青贮饲料的pH、氨态氮/总氮和粗纤维含量,显著提高粗蛋白含量,抑制青贮发酵过程中有害菌的生长和繁殖,提高青贮饲料的发酵品质和营养品质。

[Objectives]Corn straw silage is an important source of roughage for ruminants,the purpose of this experiment was to explore the effect of bacterial and enzyme co-fermentation on the quality of corn straw silage.[Methods]In this experiment,four experimental groups were designed:CK control group(without additive),E group(0.1%compound enzyme),L group(10^(6)cfu/g compound lactic acid bacteria),EL group(0.1%compound enzyme+10^(6) cfu/g compound lactic acid bacteria),each group was repeated three times.After 60 days of fermentation,the fermentation indexes,nutritional components and microbial quantity of silage in each group were determined.[Results]Compared with the control group,the sensory quality of silage in each experimental group was significantly improved.Except for dry matter content,the fermentation index and nutrient composition of silage in each group were significantly different from those in the control group.The pH,ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content of silage in the EL group were significantly lower than those in other groups,and the crude protein content was significantly higher than that in other groups.Compared with the control group,the EL group significantly increased the number of lactic acid bacteria in silage,and significantly reduced the number of yeast,mold and aerobic bacteria.[Conclusions]It showed that the fermentation of corn straw with compound enzyme and compound probiotics can significantly reduce the pH,ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen and crude fiber content of the silage,significantly increases the crude protein content,inhibits the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria during the fermentation process,and improves the fermentation quality and nutritional quality of the silage.