异侧竖缝式鱼道在某工程的数值模拟与分析

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Different Side Vertical Seam Fishway in a Project

竖缝式鱼道具有能较好适应水位变化、消能效果明显和水流流态较好等特点,且过鱼效果明显,广泛应用于实际工程中。通过数值模拟的方法,以鱼道底坡坡比和池室长宽比为变量,探究池室结构变化对异侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性的影响。模拟结果表明:(1)池室长宽比确定后,底坡坡比变化不影响主流区平面形态、沿程主流区最大流速位置分布和回流区面积大小分布,但当底坡坡比确定后,池室长宽比的变化对池室水力特性的影响较大;(2)各底坡坡比各池室长宽比,由于竖缝处射流作用的影响,沿程主流区最大流速距离竖缝位置一定范围内数值在变化,但最大流速位置并未发生改变;(3)当L/B=1.00,i=1∶70、1∶80、1∶90时,池室最大流速沿程衰减率达到最大值,池室内最大流速小于设计流速,相邻两级池室隔板间主流区平面形态弯曲较小,回流区两侧面积相差较小且池室主流区未出现贴壁流现象,因而可作为研究区域鱼道的设计参数。

The different side vertical seam fishway has the characteristics of better adapting to the change of water level, obvious energy dissipation effect and good flow pattern. Through the method of numerical simulation, taking the bottom slope ratio of fishway and the length width ratio of pond chamber as variables, this paper explores the influence of the structural change of pond chamber on the hydraulic characteristics of different side vertical seam fishway, which plays a reference role for the design of related fishway projects. The results are as follows. After the length width ratio of the chamber is determined, the change of the bottom slope ratio does not affect the plane shape of the mainstream area, the location distribution of the maximum velocity in the mainstream area along the way and the area size distribution of the reflux area, but when the bottom slope ratio is determined, the change of the length width ratio of the chamber has a great impact on the hydraulic characteristics of the chamber. The ratio of each bottom slope to the length width of each cell. Due to the influence of jet action at the vertical j oint, the value of the maximum velocity in the main flow area along the way is changing within a certain range from the position of the vertical joint, but the position of the maximum velocity does not change. When L/B=1.00, i=1∶70,1∶80 and 1∶90, the attenuation rate of the maximum velocity along the way in the pool chamber reaches the maximum, and the maximum velocity in the pool chamber is less than the design velocity. The plane shape of the main flow area between the partitions of the adjacent two stages of the pool chamber is small, the area difference between the two sides of the reflux area is small, and there is no wall attached flow in the main flow area of the pool chamber. Therefore, L/B=1.00, i=1∶70,1∶80 and 1∶90 can be selected as the design parameters of the fishway in the study area.