半干旱矿区不同植被修复区温湿度的水平与垂直分布特征

Horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of temperature and humidity of different vegetation restoration types in semi-arid mining areas

为了探究半干旱矿区不同植被修复区冠层高度以上温湿度的水平与垂直分布特征,选取大柳塔矿区内杨树-油蒿、沙柳、油蒿、杨树4种植被修复区,利用无人机搭载的温湿度传感器装置测定不同植被修复区距地表10,20,30,40,50 m高处的温度和相对湿度,运用单因素方差分析不同植被修复区温度和相对湿度的差异,利用回归分析得到温度和相对湿度的垂直变化趋势,最后,基于灰色关联度模型计算不同植被修复区距地表10 m高处温湿度与冠层特征参数间的关联度。结果表明:(1)4种植被修复区距地表10 m高处水平方向的温湿度差异显著(p<0.05),杨树-油蒿乔灌组合温度低于单一灌木或乔木,湿度高于单一灌木或乔木。油蒿表现出高温低湿特点,表明油蒿对距地表10 m高处的温湿度调节能力较其它植被修复区弱。(2)杨树-油蒿乔灌组合温度的垂直减少速率较小,相对湿度的垂直增加速率最大。(3)冠层高度、冠层盖度、叶高度多样性和种植面积指数对距地表10 m高处温湿度影响显著,其中冠层高度影响最大。该结果可为半干旱矿区植被修复区温湿度分布特征研究提供参考。

In order to study the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of temperature and humidity above canopy height of different vegetation restoration types in semi-arid mining areas,4 types of vegetation restoration,poplar-Artemisia ordosica,Salix,Artemisia ordosica,and poplar in the Daliuta mining area were selected,combined with the temperature and humidity sensor device carried by the drone,the temperatures and relative humidities of 10,20,30,40 and 50 m above different vegetation restoration type areas were measured,one-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences in temperature and relative humidity of different vegetation restoration type areas,and then regression analysis was used to obtain the vertical trend of temperature and relative humidity. Finally,based on the gray correlation model,the temperature and humidity at 10 m from different vegetation restoration type areas were calculated correlation among canopy features. The results showed that:(1)The horizontal temperature and humidity of the4 vegetation restoration type areas had significant differences at 10 m from the ground surface(p<0. 05).The temperature of the poplar-artemisia arbor-irrigation combination was lower than that of a single shrub or tree,and the humidity was higher than that of a single shrub or tree. Artemisia ordosica exhibited the characteristics of high temperature and low humidity,which indicated that Artemisia ordosica had a weaker ability to regulate temperature and humidity at a height of 10 m than other vegetation restoration type areas.(2) The vertical decrease rate of temperature of the poplar-Artemisia ordosica tree-irrigation combination was small,while the vertical increase rate of relative humidity was the largest.(3)Canopy height,canopy coverage,leaf height diversity and planting area index all had significant effects on the temperature and humidity at 10 m from the ground surface,with the canopy height having the greatest impact. The results of this study could provide a basic understanding of the distribution characteristics of temperature and humidity of vegetation restoration areas in semi-arid mining areas.