基于文本量化的典型县域水污染治理政策工具变迁研究——以长兴县为例

Study on the change of policy instruments for water pollution control in typical county based on text quantification--Taking Changxing County as an example

以2000—2017年长兴县307份水污染治理政策文本为研究对象,基于文本量化方法研究该县水污染治理政策工具的变迁特征。结果显示:(1)2000—2017年,长兴县政策文件数量呈现震荡增加趋势,政策类型以实施方案、管理办法及指导意见等为主,政策主题则突出水环境综合管理、工业污染防治等相关内容;(2)强制命令型、组织推进型、市场经济型、社会参与型和自愿行动型5类政策工具的参考点占比分别为50.63%、28.17%、9.79%、7.91%和3.50%,具体政策手段以工程项目、职责分工、监管制度、经费支持和河长制度等为主;(3)“十五”至“十三五”期间,不同治水时期的政策主题及其发布主体的政策工具使用特征变化差异较小,强制命令型和组织推进型使用较多,且区域重大的水污染应急事件和省级重要的水污染治理战略提出会促使县级政府部门出台相关配套政策。研究表明,县域尺度水污染治理政策工具结构有待优化,水污染治理市场主体作用有待加强,社会参与水污染治理政策引导有待提高。

Taking 307 water pollution control policy texts in Changxing County from 2000 to 2017 as the research object,this paper identified the change characteristics of water pollution control policy instruments in typical county based on the text quantification method.The results showed that:①From 2000 to 2017,the number of policy documents in Changxing County had an increasing trend of concussion.The types of policies were mainly implementation plans,management measures,guidance,etc..The policy theme focuses on integrated water environment management,industrial pollution prevention and control,and other related content.②The reference points of the five types of policy instruments were 50.63%,28.17%,9.79%,7.91%,3.50%,respectively,the specific policy means were mainly engineering project,division of duties,supervision system,fund support,and river chief system,etc..③From the“10th Five-Year Plan”to the“13th Five-Year Plan”,the differences in the characteristics of policy instruments in different water control periods,different policy themes,and different release subjects were insignificant.Mandatory command type and organizational promotion type wereutilized morefrequently,and the majorregional water pollution emergency events and the essentialprovincial water pollution control strategy would promote the county government departments to issue relevant supporting policies.The study showed that the structure of policy instruments for water pollution control at the county scale needed to be optimized,the role of the water pollution control market needed to be strengthened,and social participation in water pollution control policy needed to be improved.