华南地区5种观赏性姜科植物的耐荫性评价

Shade Tolerance Evaluation of 5 Ornamental Zingiberaceae Plants in South China

姜科植物生于林下,多兼具耐荫与观赏性。通过设置全光照、遮荫20%、40%、60%、80%等梯度试验,选择5种亚热带森林中常见的观赏性姜科植物,探究遮荫对其生长、形态和光合特性的影响,评价它们在不同遮荫梯度的适应性。发现:(1)各梯度应试植物存活率较高;4种姜科植物在各梯度的次年萌发率高于60%。(2)2021年各梯度的所有应试植物均有开花。(3)姜黄(Curcuma longa L.)、红球姜(Zingiber zerumbet L.)、紫花山柰(Kaempferia elegans(Wall))可以调节自身形态和光合特性,适应遮荫80%的环境;姜花(Hedychium coronarium Koen.)和艳山姜(Alpinia zerumbet(Pers.))可以适应中度遮荫环境;(4)应试植物的遮荫适应性表现为红球姜>姜花>姜黄>紫花山柰>艳山姜;种内两两比较说明,红球姜能通过调节自身光合特性,适应多种光照环境;而艳山姜通过调整形态来适应不同光照环境,对环境的适应力较差。

Zingiberaceae plants grow in subtropical forests,and are mostly shade-tolerant and ornamental.Through setting gradient tests of full sunlight and shade of 20%,40%,60%,80%,etc.,5 common ornamental Zingiberaceae plants in subtropical forests were selected to explore the effects of shade on their growth,morphology,and photosynthetic characteristics,and to evaluate their adaptation to different shade gradients.It was found that:(1)The survival rate of the tested plants in each gradient was higher;the germination rate of the four Zingiberaceae plants in the next year was higher than 60%in each gradient.(2)In 2021,all test plants in each gradient will bloom.(3)Curcuma longa L.,Zingiber zerumbet L.,and Kaempferia elegans(Wall)can adjust their own morphological and photosynthetic characteristics,and adapt to 80%shaded environment;Hedychium coronarium Koen.and Alpinia zerumbet(Pers.)can adapt to moderate shading environment;(4)The shading adaptability of the five Zingiberaceae plants is Zingiber zerumbet L.>Hedychium coronarium Koen.>Curcuma longa L.>Kaempferia elegans(Wall)>Alpinia zerumbet(Pers.);The intra-species comparison shows that Zingiber zerumbet L.can adapt to a variety of light environments by adjusting its own photosynthetic characteristics;while the Alpinia zerumbet(Pers.)adapts to different light environments by adjusting its shape,and has poor adaptability to the environment.