空间流变与文化持守:一个移民羌村信仰习俗空间化表征的案例研究

Spatial Evolution and Cultural Persistence:A Case Study on the Spatialized Representation of the Beliefs and Customs in a Qiang Immigrant Village

表征的空间是列斐伏尔空间生产理论的重要议题,但在民族村寨领域还未引起足够重视。民族村寨空间生产是关于空间-人-文化三者共存秩序的复杂建构过程,其中村民弱小、碎片的空间实践机制研究有待加强。本文以一个移民羌村为案例,在田野调查基础上,从空间生产的微观视角出发,对羌村的居住信仰、释比信仰、习俗信仪、羌年祭典四个方面信仰习俗的空间化表征展开研究。研究发现,在空间-人-文化三元互动中,羌民弱小、碎片化的空间实践使特定信仰习俗得以自洽地存续,新村表征的空间背后既是羌民“化他乡为故乡”的主体性呈现,更是羌民对本民族文化的坚定持守。

The production of space can be defined as a complex construction process for the coexistent order of space, humans, and culture.Representation space is an important topic in Lefebvre’s theory of the Production of Space,but some may argue it has not attracted enough attention in the field of ethnic villages. Who produces the space represented by ethnic villages,and in what manner it is produced? In addition to the influential role of government and capital, the spatial practice mechanism of weak and fragmented villagers needs to be further studied.This paper takes Zhitai village,a new settlement of Qiang immigrants,as a case study to conduct a diachronic investigation on the spatial representation of folk beliefs and customs in Zhitai village based on field research. From 2014 to 2019,original interview texts and field diaries with a total of 140,000 words were sorted out. The interviewees included ordinary villagers, village cadres,Shibi of the Qiang village,and residents from the vicinity. This paper diachronically focuses on the spatial evolution of representative belief customs of the Qiang migrant village,and studies the spatial representation of Zhitai villagers ’ belief customs from multiple angles,with a micro perspective of space production and by the way of spatial narrative.Results show that Zhitai village has been strongly influenced by the government which has been emphasizing “efficiency” and the capital which has been focusing on “benefits”. At the same time,there seems to be no lack of villagers who care about “their life” and continue to get their lives in order in a weak and fragmented space practice. And finally,Qiang people juxtapose time and space and selectively present their beliefs and social customs in daily life in Qiang village society. With a sufficient number of examples,this paper tries to present how village dwellers view and deal with the relationship between spatial change and cultural preservation;this study also adopts a diachronic spatial approach from four aspects:1) How villagers continue to complete the adjustment and adaptation of residential belief;2) actively explore a solution for the dilemma of inheriting Shibi beliefs;3) integrate and utilize the traditional customs and beliefs of their own ethnic group;and 4) preserve the underlying culture in the evolution process of the Qiang annual ritual.This research article further concludes that the spatial representation of beliefs and customs in these immigrants’ Qiang villages is based on the underlying cultural structure and way of thinking of the Qiang people,this can be viewed as a representation of the continuous adaptive inheritance and creativity of the Qiang people’s lifestyle and daily routine in the new settlements. In the“threeway interaction”among space,people,and culture,the Qiang People ’s weak and fragmented space practice enables the unique beliefs and customs of the Qiang people to self-consistently exist.The characteristics represented by the new villages are not only a subjective presentation of the Qiang people’s “turning a different place into a home”but also their firm adherence to their ethnic culture.