高山姬鼠形态及生态特征的季节变异初步分析

Preliminary Analysis on Seasonal Variation in Morphology and Ecological Characteristics of Apodemus chevrieri

高山姬鼠(Apodemus chevrieri)为中国的特有种。为摸清其形态及生态特征的季节性变化规律,为种群数量预测预报和防鼠防病保粮提供科学依据,本文通过对贵州省余庆县(东经107°25′~108°2′,北纬27°8′~27°41′)2014—2021年捕获的91只高山姬鼠种群形态及生态特征进行分析研究。结果表明,高山姬鼠在当地的捕鼠率为0.19%,占总捕鼠数的3.69%,仅分布在旱地,是当地旱地耕作区常见鼠种之一,各年度间种群数量有明显的波动,不同季节种群数量春季>冬季>秋季>夏季;平均体重为24.36 g,平均胴体重为17.59 g,平均体长为94.5 mm,平均尾长为83.7 mm,平均后足长为19.7 mm,平均耳高为15.1 mm,两性之间体重、胴体重、体长、尾长、后足长、耳高差异不显著,随着种群年龄的增长,体重、胴体重、体长变化较大,尾长、后足长、耳高变化较小;形态特征随季节有一定的变化,并存在显著差异;8年种群性比为1.07,平均怀孕率为21.28%,平均胎仔数为5.10只,平均睾丸下降率为34.09%,平均繁殖指数为0.5604,种群繁殖力随着年龄的增长而不断增加,随季节变动规律为秋季>夏季>春季>冬季,低于当地黑线姬鼠种群繁殖力;种群年龄结构呈正态分布,不同季节种群年龄组成明显不同。

Apodemus chevrieri is an endemic species in China.This study aimed to find out the seasonal changes of its morphology and ecological characteristics in local populations from Yuqing,Guizhou(107°25′~108°20′E,27°80′~27°41′N),and provide a scientific basis for population prediction,rat prevention,disease prevention,and food protection.By analyzing the population morphology and ecological characteristics of 91 A.chevrieri captured in Yuqing county from 2014 to 2021,the results showed that the trapping rate of A.chevrierithe was 0.19%,accounting for 3.69%of the total captured rodents.It is only distributed in dry land and was one of the common rat species in the local dry land farming area.The population number fluctuated significantly in each year,and the number of populations in different seasons was spring>winter>autumn>summer.The average body weight was 24.36 g,the average carcass weight was 17.59 g,the average body length was 94.5 mm,the average tail length was 83.7 mm,and the average hind leg length was 19.7 mm and the average ear height was 15.1 mm.There was no significant difference in body weight,carcass weight,body length,tail length,hind leg length,and ear height between the sexes.With the growth of population age,the body weight and carcass weight,and body length changed greatly,while tail length,hind leg lengt,and ear height changed less.The morphological characteristics varied significantly with seasons.The 8 years population sex ratio was 1.07,the average pregnancy rate was 21.28%,the average litter size was 5.10,the average testicular decline rate was 34.09%,and the average reproductive index was 0.5604.The population fertility increased with the increase of age,and the seasonal variation was autumn>summer>spring>winter,which was lower than that of local A.agrarius population.The age structure of population was in normal distribution,and the population′s age structure varied significantly in different seasons.