有机肥替代部分化肥对花椰菜产量及经济效益的影响

Effect of Replacing Some Chemical Fertilizers with Organic Fertilizers on the Yield and Economic Benefit of Cauliflower

通过研究有机肥替代部分化肥对花椰菜产量及经济效益的影响,探索在蔬菜种植上用有机肥替代部分化肥的可行性,旨在为生产实际提供科学指导依据。以花椰菜品种白雪5号为供试材料,以常规施肥量(50 kg/667m~2缓释肥)为对照,设置4个不同比例化肥减施量处理,3次重复,随机区组排列。通过统计不同处理间花椰菜的产量和商品性等指标,分析有机肥替代不同比例化肥对花椰菜产量及效益的影响。结果表明,不同处理间的平均株高在55.6~68.5 cm之间,单株花重在0.53~0.98 kg之间,花椰菜商品率为34.9%~50.8%。所有处理的平均株高、单株花重和商品率均优于对照,且随着有机肥替代化肥比例的逐渐增加,呈现先增加后减少的趋势,处理二达到最大值,分别为68.5 cm、0.98 kg、50.8%。其中,处理二和处理三产量差异不显著,且分别与处理四、处理五、对照差异极显著,处理四、处理五与对照之间产量差异不显著。因此,在实际生产中,建议用生物有机肥替代10%以内的化肥施用量,可以有效提高肥料利用率,促进花椰菜生长,提高商品率,从而实现增产增效。

By studying the effect of replacing some chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on the yield and economic benefits of cauliflower,and exploring the feasibility of replacing some chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers in vegetable planting,our aim is to provide scientific guidance for production practice.In this experiment,the cauliflower variety Baixue 5 was used as the test material,and the conventional fertilization rate(50 kg chemical fertilizer per 667 m~2)was used as the control,and 4 treatments with different proportions of chemical fertilizer reduction rate were set,and each treatment was repeated 3 times and arranged in random blocks.Through the statistics of the yields and commodity rate of cauliflower among different treatments,the effects of organic fertilizers replacing different proportions of chemical fertilizers on the yield and economic benefits of cauliflower were analyzed.The results showed that the average plant height of cauliflower was 55.6~68.5 cm,the flower weight per plant was 0.53~0.98 kg,and the commodity rate of cauliflower was 34.9%~50.8%.The weight per plant and commodity rate of all treatments were better than those in the CK,and with the gradual increase of the proportion of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers.They showed a trend of first increase and decreased,and then reached the maximum value in the second treatment,which was 68.5 cm,0.98 kg,and 50.8%,respectively.The average yield of treatment 2 nd treatment was no significant different from the 3 rd treatment,and the 2 nd and 3 rd treatments were significantly different from the 4 th treatment,5 th treatment,and CK,respectively.There were no significant different among the 4 th and 5 th treatment,and CK.Therefore,the use of bio-organic fertilizer to replace the chemical fertilizer application rate within 10%in actual production can effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizer,promote the growth of cauliflower,and improve the commodity rate,so as to increase production and earning,in practical.