从地方饮食到全国小吃的跨越式发展——“二元社会”结构视角下的化隆牛肉拉面

The Leapfrog Development from Local Food to National Snack——Hualong Beef Ramen from the Perspective of "Dual Society" Structure

究竟是哪些力量推动了地方产业的发展?林毅夫、张维迎前些年就讨论过,林毅夫看重政府“看得见的手”,认为产业经济的发展必须依靠政府扶持的产业政策才能够取得成功,而张维迎反对政府的产业政策,认为只要借助市场“看不见的手”,产业就足以推进创新和发展。地方性小吃产业的发展到底是政府的推动还是民间市场力量的推动,或是两者都发挥了一定的作用?为了更加深入地剖析地方性小吃产业的发展过程及其发展的推动力量,笔者拟从一个新的视角即从“二元社会”结构(“伞式社会”和“蜂窝式社会”)视角出发,并以化隆牛肉拉面为个例,深刻解析地方饮食最终发展成为全国性著名小吃的过程中的推动力量,以回应“林毅夫——张维迎”的产业政策之争,并根据化隆牛肉拉面的发展为其他地方性小吃的发展提供参考和借鉴。通过对化隆牛肉拉面产业发展的各个阶段的分析,笔者发现不管是林毅夫只强调政府的作用还是张维迎只强调民间市场的作用的观点都是不全面的,实际上在化隆牛肉拉面产业发展的过程中,政府和民间力量在不同的阶段发挥了不同的作用,单靠政府或者民间市场任何一方都是不可能成功的,正是两者的相互配合、相互作用才促使了化隆牛肉拉面成功从一个西北地方性小吃发展成为一项产业,甚至形成了完整的产业链。

What exactly are the forces driving the development of local industries?Lin Yifu and Zhang Weiying actually had a discussion about this some years ago.Zhang Weiying opposes the government’s industrial policy and believes that as long as the "invisible hand" of the market is used,the industry is sufficient to promote innovation and development.Based on this,we still need to ask what is the development of the local snack industry driven by the government or by private market forces,or do both play a role?What is the driving force behind its development?Therefore,the authors intend to start from a new perspective,that is,from the perspective of the dual society structure( " umbrella society" and "beehive society"),and take the Hualong Beef Ramen as the driving force.The authors intend to take Hualong Beef Ramen as a case study and deeply analyze the driving factors in the process of local food developing into an industry,even forming a complete industrial chain,and finally developing into a nationally famous snack,in order to respond to the "Lin Yifu-Zhang Weiying" debate on industrial policy,and provide some reference for the development of other local snacks based on the development of Hualong Beef Ramen.Through the analysis of the various stages of the development of the Hualong beef ramen industry,the authors find that whether Lin Yifu only emphasizes the role of the government or Zhang Weiying only emphasizes the role of the private market is not comprehensive.It is the mutual cooperation and interaction between the two that has contributed to the successful development of Hualong Beef Ramen from a local snack in the northwest into an industry,and even the formation of a complete industrial chain.