新中国民族心理与教育研究的回顾与展望

Retrospect and Prospect of the Research on Ethnic Psychology and Education in New China

中华民族大家庭中的56个民族兼具共同性与差异性的民族心理状态,呈现一体与多元辩证统一的教育文化特征。深入探究民族心理与教育的逻辑关联、完善民族心理与教育研究体系对于构建高质量教育体系、促进各民族交往交流交融具有重要的价值意蕴。中华人民共和国成立以来,我国民族心理与教育研究经历了以探索民族心理与教育特殊意义为主的初步发展阶段(1949—1977年);以解读民族心理与教育文化认知为主的稳步发展阶段(1978—2009年);以阐释民族心理与教育本土理论为主的深入发展阶段(2010年至今)。总体上,民族心理与教育研究呈现数量逐步扩充、质量逐步提升和领域逐渐拓宽的特征。具体而言,研究范式从经验分析向理论阐释拓展、研究方法从单一化向多样化发展、研究内容从关注差异性转向兼顾共同性。民族心理与教育研究在未来发展的向度上可从以下三个层面进行:一是挖掘深度,深化民族心理与教育研究范式的理论性;二是拓展广度,强调民族心理与教育研究内容的普遍性;三是提升高度,加强民族心理与教育研究方法的适宜性。

56 ethnic groups in the big family of the Chinese ethnic have both the common and the different national psychological state,presenting the educational and cultural characteristics of unity and pluralism dialectical unity.It is of great value to explore the logical relation between national psychology and education and to perfect the research system of national psychology and education for constructing high quality education system and advancing the communication and integration of various ethnic groups.Since the founding of New China,the research on national psychology and education in China has experienced a preliminary stage of development(1949-1977),which mainly explored the special significance of ethnic psychology and education.The steady development stage(1978-2009) focused on the interpretation of ethnic psychology and educational and cultural cognition.And the in-depth development stage focused on interpretation of national psychology and indigenous theories of education(2010 to present).On the whole,the research of ethnic psychology and education is gradually expanding in quantity,improving in quality and broadening in field.Specifically,the research paradigm has expanded from empirical analysis to theoretical interpretation;the research methods have developed from unitary to diversified;the research content has shifted from focusing on differences to taking into account commonalities.The study of national psychology and education can be carried out from the following three aspects in the future development:first,explore the depth and deepen the theory of ethnic psychology and educational research paradigm;,second,expand the scope and emphasize the universality of national psychology and education research content;third,enhance the height and strengthen the suitability of ethnic psychology and educational research methods.