青岛市花生田杂草种类及其发生规律

Species and Occurrence Pattern of Weeds in Peanut Fields of Qingdao

为明确青岛市花生田杂草种类及发生规律,于2019年对青岛地区花生田杂草发生情况进行了调查。结果表明:青岛地区花生田杂草有40种,隶属16个科,其中禾本科、菊科杂草发生种类最多,各为8种。马唐、稗草、牛筋草、反枝苋、藜、马齿苋是该地区优势杂草,狗尾草、醴肠、苣荬菜、鬼针草、小飞蓬、刺儿菜、铁苋菜、龙葵、香附子、野西瓜苗、小马泡在部分地区发生较重,为区域性优势杂草。在覆膜及不施用除草剂的情况下,田间共有2个杂草出土高峰,分别集中在5月中下旬、6月下旬至7月初出土。在自然混生状态下,田间杂草出土量在花生整个生长季节内呈单峰变化,杂草总数量在6月中旬达到峰值,6月下旬后数量开始减少,但杂草生物量持续增加,竞争作用持续增强。

To clarify the occurrence pattern of weeds in peanut fields in Qingdao,Shandong Province,the species and occurrence dynamics of weeds in peanut fields in Qingdao were investigated in 2019.The results showed that there were 40 species of weeds in peanut fields in Qingdao,belonging to 16 families,among which Gramineae and Compositae were the most common weeds,with 8 species belong to each.Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.,Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.,Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn.,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,Chenopodium album L.and Portulaca oleracea L.are the dominant weeds in this area.Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.,Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.,Sonchus wightianus DC.,Bidens pilosa L.,Erigeron canadensis L.,Cirsium arvense var.integrifolium.,Acalypha australis L.,Solanum nigrum L.,Cyperus rotundus L.,Hibiscus trionum L.and Cucumis bisexualis A.M.Luet G.C.WanexLuet Z.are the regional dominant weeds.There were two peaks of weed emergence in the field.In the case of film mulching and without herbicide application,weeds emerged in mid-late May and late June to early July.In the natural mixing state,the field weeds showed a unimodal change in the whole growing period of peanut.Total weeds peaked in mid-June and began to decrease after late June,but weed biomass continued to increase and the competition kept fiercer.