家禽训练免疫研究进展

Advances on Trained Immunity of Poultry

微生物耐药是威胁人类健康、动物保健和食品安全的重大问题。为减少耐药性及动物源食品的药物残留,迫切需要探索预防和治疗疾病的替代机制,其中之一便是激活先天免疫系统对病原体攻击产生强而持久的非特异性免疫应答,这一过程称为训练免疫,即先天免疫记忆。愈来愈多的研究表明,天然免疫细胞甚至组织驻留干细胞对某些感染和疫苗接种具有保护免受再感染的免疫记忆功能,即先天免疫系统也表现出适应性免疫特征。在兽医研究领域,通过改善先天免疫系统提高家禽抗病能力的概念并不新颖,但极少有可用的、有目的的针对训练免疫的应用研究。通过训练免疫途径增强动物免疫力是一个值得关注的崭新领域,将为设计新型广谱疫苗和寻找新的药物靶点开辟新的途径。笔者综述了训练免疫领域的最新进展,阐述了家禽训练免疫调控及未来研究方向。

Microbial resistance is a major problem threatening human care, animal health and food safety.To reduce drug resistance and residues in animal-derived foods, there is an urgent need to explore alternative strategies for prophylactic and therapeutical interventions.One of them is the activation of the innate immune system to enhance a strong and durable non-specific immune responsiveness to subsequent triggers.This process has been termed trained immunity, a de facto innate immune memory.More and more studies have shown that innate immune cells and even tissue-resident stem cells have an immune memory function to protect against reinfection for certain infections and vaccinations, that is, the innate immune system also exhibits adaptive immunity characteristics.In the veterinary field, the concept of improving disease resistance in poultry by enhancing the innate immune system is not new, however, there are few available, purposeful applied research on trained immunity.Therefore, enhancing animal immunity by trained immunity pathways is a new field worthy of attention, which will open new avenues for designing novel broad-spectrum vaccines and finding new drug targets.In this review, we provided an updated advances in the field of trained immunity and elaborated modulation and future research directions for trained immunity in poultry.