辽宁朝阳大田玉米适播期气象因素特征分析

Analysis on Meteorological Factors of Suitable Sowing Time of Maize in Chaoyang of Liaoning Province

[目的]分析朝阳地区大田玉米适播期地温和透雨特征。[方法]利用朝阳地区7个国家级气象观测站1963—2022年4—5月的逐日地温资料和4—6月逐日降水资料进行分析。[结果]朝阳地区地温变化受纬度影响明显,纬度较高的建平镇5cm日平均地温稳定通过10℃的日期明显晚于南部的凌源市和喀左县。朝阳北部地区玉米播种适宜地温出现首日比中部地区平均晚9 d;朝阳南部地区玉米播种适宜地温出现首日比中部地区平均偏早3 d。玉米播种达到适宜地温后出现的首场透雨日期分布:朝阳北部地区的建平镇多集中在5月,北票市和建平县集中在4月下旬到5月下旬,朝阳县和凌源市集中在4月下旬到5月中旬,喀左县集中在4月下旬到5月上旬。[结论]结果为朝阳地区玉米适播期提供了理论参考。

[Objective] To analyzed the characteristics of ground temperature and permeable rain during the suitable sowing period of field Maize in Chaoyang area. [Method] The daily ground temperature data from April to May of 1963 to 2022 and the daily precipitation data from April to June at seven national meteorological observation stations in Chaoyang area were used for analysis. [Result] The variation of ground temperature in Chaoyang area was obviously affected by latitude. The 5cm daily average ground temperature in Jianping town with higher latitude passed through 10℃ significantly later than that in Lingyuan City and Kazuo County in the south. The first day of suitable ground temperature for corn sowing in the north of Chaoyang was 9 days later than that in the middle of Chaoyang. The first day of suitable ground temperature for corn sowing in the south of Chaoyang was 3 days earlier than that in the middle. The date distribution of the first soaking rain after the corn sowing reached the appropriate ground temperature:Jianping town in the north of Chaoyang was mostly concentrated in May,Beipiao City and Jianping County were concentrated in late April to late May,Chaoyang County and Lingyuan City were concentrated in late April to mid May,and Kazuo County was concentrated in late April to early May. [Conclusion] The results provided a theoretical reference for the suitable sowing date of maize in Chaoyang area.