论我国刑法分则中的组织行为

On the Organizational Behavior in the Specific Provisions of China’s Criminal Law

作为组织型犯罪构成要件之核心的不法行为类型,我国刑法分则中的组织行为具有超越总则规定的特殊意义。以德日为代表的大陆法系国家刑法基于行为支配理论将组织行为纳入总则的共同犯罪体系,从而实现“组织行为的正犯行为化”,最终形成了刑法打击组织行为的基本路径。而在我国,“组织犯+组织行为分则化”是我国刑法打击组织行为的基本路径,并呈现出组织行为分则化的扩张倾向。我国刑法的路径选择是建立在充分评价组织行为的危害性与危险性基础上,既有利于贯彻罪刑法定主义、实现刑法保护功能,也体现了制度设计的历史传承性。由于分则条款对组织行为采取的是单一用语下层级化罪状描述模式,应当从逻辑、常识与体系三个维度,围绕其核心涵义实现对个罪中组织行为的个别化解释。

The organizational behavior in the specific provisions of China?s criminal law is the type of illegal behavior as the core of the constitutive elements of organized crime stipulated in the specific provisions,which has a special significance beyond the provisions of the general provisions.The criminal laws of Germany and Japan,as the representatives of the countries of the continental law system,is based on the theory of behavior domination and incorporates organizational behavior into the joint criminal system of the general provisions of criminal law,in order to regard organizational behavior as a principal offense,ultimately forming the basic path for criminal law to combat organizational behavior.In China,“organizational crime plus defining organizational behavior as a crime in the specific provisions of criminal law”is a unique path for the criminal law to combat organizational behavior,and shows the tendency to expand the number of organizational behavior as a crime in the specific provisions of criminal law.Such a path choice by China?s criminal law is based on the full evaluation of the harmfulness and danger of organizational behavior,which is not only conducive to the implementation of the principle of legality and the realization of the protection function of criminal law,but also reflects the historical inheritance of the system design.Since the specific provisions of the Criminal Law adopt a single term to describe the low-level criminal behavior,the individual interpretation of the organizational behavior in individual crimes should be realized from the three dimensions of logic,common sense and system around its core meaning.