民事略式诉讼程序初论

A Preliminary Discussion of Civil Summary Procedure

略式程序是从罗马法普通程序简化变革过程中分化出来的独立的特种诉讼程序,与普通程序的简化版简易程序分属不同的程序范畴。各具体略式程序用途各异,但共享核心程序元素而具有家族相似性:略式程序的目的不是解纷,而是迅速形成执行名义;不对主诉案件进行完整、实质审理即作出裁判;其裁判有形式确定力和执行力,没有既判力。略式程序与普通程序相通,但不依附于诉讼程序而独立运行。它在程序标的、程序结构、审理方式和裁判效力上与非讼程序有本质区别。略式程序适合于当事人对权利义务关系没有实质争议、对及时实现权利或寻求预防性保护有迫切需要的案件。其运行机理遵循实体权利逻辑。为确保程序正当性,略式程序保障当事人法定听审权,并赋予当事人异议权。当事人的异议构成实质争议的应当终结程序。

Summary procedure are independent special procedures differentiated from the summaria cognitio in Roman law,which belongs to different program categories from the simplified version of ordinary procedure.The specific summary procedures have different purposes,but they share core procedural elements and have family resemblance:the purpose of the summary procedure is not to resolve disputes,but to form the name of execution quickly;the judgment shall be made without the complete and substantive trial of the main lawsuit and has formal determination and execution,without res judicata.The summary procedure is interlinked with the ordinary procedure,but it is not attached to it and should stand independently.It has crucial differences from non-litigation procedure in terms of procedural object,structure,trial mode and judgment effectiveness.A summary procedure is appropriate for cases in which the parties have no substantial dispute,but need for realizing the rights timely or seeking preventive protection urgently.Its operation mechanism follows the logic of substantive rights.In order to ensure the legitimacy of the procedure,the summary procedure guarantees the legal hearing right and gives the parties the right to object.If the objection of the parties constitutes a substantial dispute,the proceedings shall be terminated.