环境民事公益诉讼的司法执行功能及其实现

The Supplementary Function of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation to Law Enforcement and Its Realization

环境民事公益诉讼是我国环境法制的一大创新。从我国环境民事公益诉讼的设计及其实践看,其发挥了环境行政司法执行的功能,如此方可合理解释环境民事公益诉讼案件对行为违法性和环境行政的强调,有效协调环境民事公益诉讼与生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的关系。环境民事公益诉讼使法院一定程度上参与环境行政执法,在我国大力推行环境司法专门化的时代背景下,法院有资源和能力处理涉案环境事务,不会替代传统的环境行政执法机构。为了有效发挥环境民事公益诉讼的司法执行功能,应当适度扩张而不是严格限制环境保护非政府组织的范围。在尊重环境行政机构执法自由裁量权的原则下,环境民事公益诉讼与环境行政执法应有效衔接,通过行政答复制度或诉前通知等待制度来强化环境行政参与是可选方案。

Environmental public interest civil litigation is a major institutional innovation in China?s environmental legal system.From the design of China’s environmental public interest civil litigation and its practice,it has the judicial executive function of environmental administrative law by making up for the lack of environmental administrative law enforcement.In this way,the judicial practice of environmental public interest civil litigation can reasonably explain the emphasis on behavioral illegality and environmental administration,and effectively coordinate the conflicts between environmental civil public interest litigation and ecological environmental damage compensation litigation.Environmental public interest civil litigation enables the courts to participate in environmental administrative law enforcement to a certain extent.In the context of China’s vigorous efforts to specialize in environmental justice,courts have the resources and ability to deal with environmental affairs involved in environmental civil public interest litigation,and will not replace traditional environmental administrative law enforcement agencies.In order to effectively play the judicial executive function,the scope of environmental protection non-governmental organizations should be appropriately expanded rather than strictly restricted.Under the circumstance of respecting the discretion of environmental administrative agencies in law enforcement,environmental public interest civil litigation and environmental administrative law enforcement should be effectively connected.It might be necessary to strengthen environmental administrative participation through the administrative response system or the pre-litigation notice mechanism.