伴生逻辑下职业教育的区域产业适应性——来自宁波的实践证据

On the Regional Industrial Adaptability of Vocational Education Under the Associated Logic——An Empirical Case from Ningbo City

职业教育作为经济社会属性显著的教育类型,与区域产业发展形成紧密的伴生关系。以全国先进制造业基地宁波市为研究对象,从区域经济发展与产业结构变化趋势入手,分析伴生逻辑下职业教育层次与人才类型、专业应然与产业实然、供给内环境与需求外环境、生长自组织与孵化他组织的适应性,发现宁波中高职专业结构适应性总体上不强,高素质技术技能人才贯通培养的专业基础较弱;职业学校专业布局一定程度上顺应了产业发展需求,但偏离程度总体偏大,存在专业与市场的结构性不适应;产业岗位运行与专业建设还未形成有效互动,专业集聚程度较低。对此,宁波职业教育应立足现实基础和特色优势,围绕与优势产业的伴生逻辑,筑牢人才贯通培育的专业基础,搭建专业结构与产业发展动态调整机制,推进专业布局与产业发展的供需平衡,提升三教改革与专业建设的适配程度,提升职业教育的区域产业适应性。

As a type of education with significant economic and social attributes, vocational education forms a close companion relationship with the development of regional industries. Taking Ningbo, a national advanced manufacturing base, as the research object, this study started from the trend of regional economic development and industry structure changes, analyzed the associated logic of the adaptability between vocational education level and talent type, professional contingency and industrial reality, internal environment of supply and external environment of demand, as well as growth of self-organization and incubation of other organizations. It is found that the adaptability of the profession structure of vocational secondary and high vocational schools in Ningbo is generally not strong, and the professional foundation for the coherent cultivation of high-quality technical skill talents is weak;to a certain extent, the profession layout of vocational schools responds to the needs of industry development, but the deviation is generally large, and there is structural incompatibility between professions and market;there is no effective interaction between the operation of industry posts and professional construction, and the profession agglomeration degree is low. In this regard, the vocational education of Ningbo should be based on the realistic foundation and characteristic advantages, focus on the associated logic with the advantageous industries, construct a solid professional foundation of through-type talent cultivation, build a dynamic adjustment mechanism of profession structure and industry development, promote the supply-demand balance between profession layout and industry development, enhance the degree of adaptation of the three educational reforms and profession construction, and improve the regional industry adaptability of vocational education.