田村水库放水涵洞设计研究

Analysis on Design of Discharge Culvert in Tiancun Reservoir

放水涵洞是水库的三大主要建筑物之一,在中小水库设置放水涵洞是防止水库低水位状况下发生垮坝事故的最有效措施。近年来出现的垮坝事故和水库出险并不全是在汛期洪水时发生,在晴天或者低水位情况下出险垮坝的案例增多,多数是由于坝体坝基在形成的初期渗漏,没有设置放水涵洞,库水位长时间内降不下来,使渗漏情况更加严重,甚至形成管涌造成溃坝。因此水库放水涵洞设置与水库下游人们的生命财产安全息息相关,具有极其重要的作用。在水库放水涵洞的设计过程中,要充分考虑放水涵洞的功能、地质及所处环境等因素。从水库放水涵洞除险加固方案的类型选择、结构特点以及涵洞的长度与造价的关系确定等方面,分析论述了水库放水涵洞的设计施工要点,结合田村水库放水涵洞设计过程中创新思想应用的分析介绍,指出了设计中的不足,建议在今后的放水洞设计过程中,考虑不同的用水需求,不断提高放水涵洞的设计水平和设计质量。

The discharge culvert is one of the three main buildings in the reservoir. It is the most effective measure to install the discharge culvert in medium and small-sized reservoirs to prevent dam collapse under the condition of low water level. In recent years,dam-breaking accidents and reservoir hazards are not entirely occurring in flood season. There are more cases of dam-breaking accidents occur in sunny days or under low water level. Most of them are due to the initial leakage of the dam foundation during the formation of the dam body, and the water level of the reservoir can not fall down for a long time, so that leakage is more serious, which makes the leakage more serious, and even leads to the formation of pipe burst. Therefore, the setting of reservoir drainage culvert is closely related to the life and property safety of people downstream of the reservoir, which plays an extremely important role. In the design process of the reservoir discharge culvert, the function, geology and environment of discharge culvert should be fully considered.In this paper, the key points of the design and construction of the reservoir discharge culvert are analyzed from the aspects of the type selection, structural features and the determination of the relationship between the length of the culvert and the construction cost.Combined with the analysis and introduction of the application of the innovative ideas in the design of the discharge culvert of Tiancun Reservoir, the deficiencies in the design are pointed out in this paper. It is suggested that the design level and design quality of discharge culverts should be improved continuously by considering different water demand in the design process of discharge culvert.