西部水电开发重大工程地质问题分析

Analysis on Major Engineering Geological Problems of Hydropower Development in Western China

从第一座水电站石龙坝水电站开始,中国水电已走过了百余年的发展历程,截至2021年底,中国水电装机容量约391GW,约占全国发电总装机容量的16.40%,新增23.49 GW。2021年1-12月,中国水力发电量产量大区分布不均衡,其中西南地区产量最高,特别是四川省贡献了最多产量,中国水力发电量各省市产量中四川和云南两省产量远超于其他省份,分别为3 303.50亿kW·h和2 549.30亿kW·h,西部水电开发几乎占据中国水电开发半壁江山。当前水电建设逐步向西部纵深挺进,需要面对更加纷繁复杂的一系列工程地质问题。在此背景下,分析了中国西部水电开发面临的主要工程地质问题以及新态势,总结了不同地质背景条件下的工程地质勘察风险及应对措施,希冀此文能给下步水电开发提供一定的借鉴。

Since the first hydropower station, Shilongba Hydropower Station, Sinohydro has gone through a development process of more than 100 years. By the end of 2021, the installed capacity of hydropower in China is about 391GW, accounting for about 16.40%of the the country’s total installed power generation capacity, with an increase of 23.49GW. From January to December 2021, China’s hydropower output was unevenly distributed across regions, with the highest output in southwest China and Sichuan Province in particular contributing the most output. Among all provinces and municipalities in China, the output of Sichuan and Yunnan Province is far higher than that of other provinces, with 303.35 billion kW·h and 254.930 billion kW·h, respectively. The hydropower development in western China accounts for almost half of China’s hydropower development. At present, China’s hydropower construction is gradually advancing to the west, which needs to face a series of more complex engineering geological problems. In this context, the main engineering geological problems and new trends faced by hydropower development in western China are analyzed,and the engineering geological survey risks and countermeasures under different geological background conditions are summarized. It is hoped that this paper can provide certain reference for hydropower development in the next step.