醉驾案件附条件不起诉制度研究

The Conditional Non-Prosecution for Drunk Driving

对于醉酒类危险驾驶犯罪行为,我国目前已经形成了行政处罚与刑事处罚相分离、适当扩大适用缓刑或定罪免刑的适用范围、引入相对不起诉制度等多方面的治理方式。但是,这些治理方式要么过于强调严刑峻罚,要么过于偏重保护醉驾行为人,而没有从根本上解决醉驾行为的有效治理问题。我国一些地方检察机关在醉驾案件中试行附条件不起诉制度,引入了对醉驾行为人的教育培训、交通志愿服务和社区服务等监督考察机制,取得了一定的积极成效。在醉驾案件中适用附条件不起诉制度,除了有利于提高诉讼效率、贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策外,还可以实现代替刑事处罚、给予特殊激励、修复受损法益以及有效治理醉驾犯罪的社会效果。未来,要发挥附条件不起诉的上述功能,有必要对相关改革进行理论反思,借鉴我国未成年人案件实行附条件不起诉和企业涉罪案件实行合规考察的制度经验,对该制度作出全方位的顶层设计,使之成为我国处理醉驾案件的基本法律制度。

China has tried various governance methods to solve the problem of dangerous drunk driving,such as separating administrative punishment from criminal punishment,increasing the rate of the application of probation or exemption after conviction,and establishing a non-prosecution institution.However,these governance methods either overemphasize severe criminal punishment,or overemphasize the protection of drunk driving offenders,failing to effectively govern drunk driving.Some local procuratorates in China have tried conditional non-prosecution in drunk driving,and have established supervision and inspection mechanisms such as education and training,traffic volunteer services,and community services by the drunk driving offenders,which have achieved certain positive results.Such a practice not only is conducive to improving the efficiency of litigation and implementing the policy of combining leniency and strictness in criminal cases,but also can achieve effective governance of drunk driving by replacing criminal punishment,giving special incentives,and restoring damaged legal benefits.Therefore,to bring such a practice into full play,it is necessary to make an all-round top-level design and establish it as a fundamental institution in handling drunk driving,by critically reflecting on the reforms carried out so far and by gaining experience from the conditional non-prosecution in juvenile cases and from the corporate compliance in cases of corporate crime cases.