专利侵权诉讼中反垄断抗辩成立要件研究以标准必要专利许可谈判行为规范为中心

The Procedural Elements of Antitrust Defense in Patent Infringement Litigation and the Construction of the Framework for China’s Standard Essential Patent Licensing Negotiation

司法层面如何评价标准必要专利许可谈判行为,对于FRAND许可秩序的形成具有法律形塑意义。德国橘皮书案确立的反垄断抗辩成立要件,为欧盟法院率先提出FRAND许可谈判框架奠定了程序基石。结合欧盟许可谈判框架演变及背后考虑,我国构建均衡的FRAND许可谈判框架应着重解决三方面问题:一是以我国专利法第20条专利权滥用条款为实体法依据,对标准必要专利权人过度行使权利进行合理限制,确保双方在对等地位的基础上开展谈判;二是通过内部评价路径和外部评价路径最大程度地确保谈判过程诚实信用;三是面向双方最终诉诸司法的场景假设,引导当事人在谈判过程中对于FRAND许可费率计算涉及的关键性问题达成事前合意。

How to evaluate licensing negotiation behavior in judicial practice is of legal significance for the formation of order for the standard essential patent licensing.This article systematically examines the specific structure and defects in applying the procedural requirements for establishing antitrust defense in European patent infringement litigation,while taking into account the latest development and challenges of the standard-essential patent licensing model in the Internet of Things,especially in the field of connected vehicles.On this basis,it is proposed that China should build a relatively balanced SEP licensing negotiation framework,which should not only prevent SEP holders from excessively exercising their patent rights to hinder the promotion and implementation of technical standards,but also prevent standard implementers from taking reverse hold up by utilizing hijacking strategies to undermine the innovation incentive for standardized activities.The realization of a proposed negotiation framework first requires the parties to advance the negotiation in a reciprocal position.In order to realize the honesty and credibility principle in the licensing negotiation process,it is necessary for the judicial branches to provide sufficient methodological guidance for both parties to reach mutual consensus on FRAND conditions.