压力性尿失禁的危险因素与防治策略

Overview of risk factors for stress urinary incontinence and strategies in its prevention and treatment

压力性尿失禁是困扰全球妇女的医疗问题,其危险因素分为“腹压增加及盆底肌慢性缺血”“内分泌改变”“盆腔结构损伤”和“炎症与消耗性状态”,防治策略的选择也应基于个体化的多种因素综合评估。更加微创甚至无创的治疗技术目前是盆底及尿控领域的研究热点,包括激光与射频治疗、尿道周围注射治疗、外源性干细胞疗法和内源性激活干细胞等技术,未来有望以更广的适用范围、更低的创伤和更小的并发症解决这一临床难题。

Stress urinary incontinence is a medical problem that afflicts women worldwide.The causes can be mainly divided into 4 parts:increased abdominal pressure and chronic ischemia of pelvic floor muscles,endocrine changes,pelvic structural damages,inflammatory and consumptive states.The choice of prevention and treatment should also be based on a comprehensive assessment of individualized factors.Treatment techniques which are more minimally invasive or even non-invasive than surgery are currently a hot topic of research in the field of pelvic floor and urinary control,including laser and radiofrequency therapy,periurethral injection therapy,exogenous stem cell therapy and technology for activation of endogenous stem cells.They are expected to solve the clinical problem of stress urinary incontinence with a wider scope of application,lower trauma and fewer complications in the future.