Web 3.0概念、内涵、技术及发展现状

Concept, connotation, technology and development status of Web 3.0

Web 3.0作为人类所期待的下一代互联网受到了学术界、产业界等广泛关注,本文从不同国家(包括政策、公司和产品)、国际组织(ITU、IEEE、IET、W3C)和数据库(Scopus、CNKI)出版物数量角度分析了Web 3.0的发展历程以及发展现状,得出Web 3.0中的基础技术仍然是制约其发展的瓶颈.本文对Web 3.0中的基础技术深入剖析,从网络与计算技术(5G、6G、物联网、云计算、边缘计算及端计算),安全可信技术(区块链技术、隐私计算、身份管理技术),虚实融合技术(虚实交互技术、IoX、跨链技术),智能交互技术(语义网、大数据与数据挖掘、人工智能)四个维度进行阐述.最后对未来Web 3.0在经济、社会、文化方面引起的变革进行了总结.目前无论基于是信息技术升级的需求,还是走出疫情困扰持续低迷的全球经济需求,都需要Web 3.0为经济、科技、文化、社会的变革注入新动能.

Web 3.0 has widely piqued the interest of academia and industry as the next-generation internet. Therefore, this study analyzes the development process and status of Web 3.0 from the perspectives of countries(policies, companies, and products),international organizations(ITU, IEEE, IET, and W3C), and publications databases(Scopus, CNKI). It is concluded that the fundamental technology in Web 3.0 remains the bottleneck limiting its further development. This study performed an in-depth analysis of the fundamental technologies in Web 3.0 from four perspectives. The first is computing and networking. The ubiquitous “Internet of Things” architecture generates a large amount of real-time data, and it has become an inevitable trend to form a cloud, edge, and end multi-level computing collaboration mode. Furthermore, 5G and 6G network and computing technologies work collaboratively to lay a solid foundation for the best user experience. The second is a secure and reliable technology. In Web 3.0, data become users’ data assets.Blockchain technology, privacy-computing technology, and identity management technology are needed to build the technical foundation for value transmission when transferring digital assets and currency. The third technology is virtual-real fusion. Web 3.0 is a three-dimensional holographic, which means that not only will the virtual and real world be integrated, but the virtual world will also break the barriers between each virtual ecology. The technologies related to the fusion of the virtual and real world include virtual and real interaction technology, IoX and technologies related to the fusion of the virtual world include cross-chain technology. The fourth is intelligent interaction technology. The new generation of the internet will not only respond mechanically to the users’ search content but will also be able to read information like humans, providing users with more accurate, reliable, and personalized services. Intelligent interaction technology mainly includes: semantic web technology, big data, data mining technology, and artificial intelligence technology. Finally, it summarizes the future changes caused by Web 3.0 in the economy, society, culture, and Web 3.0 road with Chinese characteristics. Web 3.0 economic reform is mainly reflected in user-centered value creation. The social reform of Web 3.0 is mainly reflected in reshaping organizations, transforming from traditional and centralized to decentralized organizations. The cultural reform of Web 3.0 is mainly reflected in three fields. It protects the rights and interests of artists and artistic works, which greatly promotes the creation of art in Web 3.0;moreover, it promotes the preservation of cultural heritage and the development of tourism. It also establishes Game Finance(GameFi) to promote the improvement of language, writing, music, aesthetics, and other aspects of games. At present, we need Web 3.0 to impart new momentum to the economic, technological, cultural, and social changes, whether it is based on the demand for upgrading information technology or the need to get rid of the persistent downturn in the global economy caused by the epidemic.