某院铂类抗肿瘤药物不良反应研究

Study on adverse reactions of platinum-based antitumor drugs in a hospital

目的 探讨某院铂类抗肿瘤药物在临床应用中的不良反应。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年4月在江苏省邳州市人民医院接受铂类抗肿瘤药物进行治疗的486例患者的临床资料,对所选患者所用药的不良反应发生率及其类型进行统计学分析。结果 本研究患者选择铂类药物进行抗肿瘤治疗后,不良反应的发生率为29.01%。顺铂药物的不良反应发生率最高,奥沙利铂次之,奈达铂最低。本研究使用铂类抗肿瘤药物过程中出现的不良反应有胃肠毒性、肾脏毒性、血液毒性及神经毒性。血液毒性的发生率最高的是顺铂;神经毒性发生率最高的是奥沙利铂;服用奈达铂类药物的患者发生胃肠毒性及肾脏毒性的发生率最高。而年龄与体质量是影响患者预后的关键因素。结论 铂类抗肿瘤药物引起的不良反应比较高,常见的不良反应有胃肠道毒性反应、骨髓抑制及肾脏毒性反应,因此在临床工作中应当加强对铂类抗肿瘤药物这些不良反应的监测,做好不良反应的预防及发生后的处理,以确保患者的铂类抗肿瘤药物用药安全。

Objective To investigate the adverse reactions of platinum-based antitumor drugs in clinical application in a hospital. Methods The clinical data of 486 patients who were treated by platinum-based antitumor drugs in the People’s Hospital of Pizhou in Jiangsu Province from January 2020 to April 2022 were collected for regression analysis. The incidence and types of adverse reactions experienced by the selected patients were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of adverse reactions was 29.01% after the patients chose platinum-based drugs for anti-tumor treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions of cisplatin was the highest, followed by oxaliplatin and nedaplatin. The adverse reactions occurring during the use of platinumbased antitumor drugs in this study included gastrointestinal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The incidence of hematotoxicity was the highest in patients taking cisplatin;the incidence of neurotoxicity was the highest in patients taking oxaliplatin;the incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity and nephrotoxicity was the highest in patients taking nedaplatin. Age and body mass were the key factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Conclusion The adverse reactions caused by platinum-based antitumor drugs show a relatively high incidence, and the common adverse reactions are gastrointestinal toxicity, bone marrow suppression and renal toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of these adverse reactions of platinum-based antitumor drugs in clinical work, and do a good job in the prevention and treatment of adverse reactions, so as to ensure the safety of platinum-based antitumor drugs in patients.