民事欺诈与刑事诈骗的类型化区分

Categorical Distinction between Civil Fraud and Criminal Fraud

刑事诈骗是民事欺诈中的严重部分,两者最主要的区别在于行为人主观上是否具有非法占有目的。刑事诈骗的行为类型多样,具体构造也存在一定差异,非法占有目的的认定应结合诈骗行为的具体构造展开。交易型诈骗中,作为交易对价的基础事实是否存在对于非法占有目的认定具有决定意义。使用型诈骗的场合,应重视对行为人取得财物后的用途和资金走向的考察,以确定非法占有目的是否成立。财物用途和资金走向无法查清的案件,不能简单地认为属于事实不清、证据不足。资格型诈骗中,非法占有目的的认定应同时考虑行为人是否具有特定资格以及财物的具体用途。民事欺诈与刑事诈骗的区分还要注意欺诈事实是否属于核心或者主要事实以及欺诈程度等。

Criminal fraud is a high-end part of civil fraud.The main difference between the two kinds of fraud is whether the perpetrator subjectively has the purpose of illegal possession.There are various types of criminal fraud,and there are certain differences in the specific structure.The determination of the purpose of illegal possession should be carried out in conjunction with the specific structure of the fraud.In transaction-based criminal fraud,the existence of the underlying facts as the transaction consideration is decisive for the determination of the purpose of illegal possession.In the case of use-based criminal fraud,attention should be paid to the investigation of the use of the perpetrator’s property and the direction of the funds to determine whether the purpose of illegal possession is established.Cases in which the purpose of property and the direction of funds cannot be ascertained cannot simply be considered as unclear facts and insufficient evidence.In qualification-based criminal fraud,the determination of the purpose of illegal possession should also be considered whether the perpetrator has specific qualifications and the specific use of the property.The distinction between civil fraud and criminal fraud should also pay attention to whether the fact of fraud is the core or main fact and the degree of fraud.