马克思东方社会理论的文明论内涵及其当代启示

Connotation and Contemporary Implication of Civilization Theory in Marx’s Oriental Social Theory

资本主义的文明形态在当今世界的文明体系中仍然占据着主流地位,但这并不意味着它是永恒的抑或“终结”的文明形态,它背后隐藏着巨大的危机。面对资本主义文明形态“普适性”的局限,晚年马克思敏锐地聚焦地理环境、社会制度与文化内涵均有别于西欧的东方社会。马克思根据俄国公社内在的矛盾性与发展的潜在性问题,提出了具有世界历史意义的“跨越卡夫丁峡谷”的文明设想,从而给予了人类文明另一种探索方案。由当今中国所开启的以人类命运共同体为要义的人类文明新形态,在理论上不仅是马克思唯物史观中东方逻辑的中国表达,在现实性上更是马克思“跨越”方案的中国式叙事。

The civilization form of capitalism still occupies the mainstream position in the civilization system of today’s world, but this does not mean that it is an eternal or“end”civilization form, and there is a huge crisis behind it. Facing the limitation of the“universality”of the form of capitalist civilization, in his later years,Marx keenly focused on the geographical environment, social system and cultural connotation, which are different from the Oriental society in Western Europe. According to the inherent contradictions and potential problems of the development of the Russian commune, Marx put forward the civilization idea of“across the Caudine Valley”with world historical significance, thus giving another exploration scheme of human civilization.The new form of human civilization with the community of human destiny as the essence opened by today’s China is not only the Chinese expression of Oriental logic in Marx’s historical materialism in theory, but also the Chinese narrative of Marx’s“acrossing”plan in reality.