我国互联网企业“数据协助”义务的困境与出路

The Dilemma and the Way out of the Obligation of “Data Assistance” for Internet Enterprises in China

基于推动数据治理、促进数字正义和保障数据安全的需要,互联网企业在行政部门履行公共职能过程中应当负有必要的“数据协助”义务。然而,由于该义务在客观上涉及个人利益、企业利益和社会公共利益等不同法益,在理论上存在权利与义务、自由与限制等价值理念冲突,在实践中存在履行义务主体不明、义务指向数据范畴不清、义务履行法律后果规定不一等问题,其尚存在一些实施困境与技术难题。因此,应在充分考量个人、企业和国家等不同主体的合法权益,确保我国互联网企业能够有效参与数字治理生态体系互动的前提下,从主体类型化、客体明晰化、程序规范化和体系设计逻辑化等角度,对企业“数据协助”义务的内容与路径予以廓清厘定,进而为打造多元数字治理格局、形成良性数字治理秩序提供理论支撑和实践依据。

Based on the need to promote data governance, promote digital justice and safeguard data security,Internet enterprises should have the necessary“data assistance”obligation in the process of performing public functions by administrative departments. However, as this obligation objectively involves different legal interests such as personal interests, enterprise interests and social public interests, in theory there are conflicts of values such as rights and obligations, freedom and restrictions. And in practice there are problems such as unclear subjects for fulfilling the obligation, unclear scope of data to which the obligation refers, and different legal consequences for fulfilling the obligation. There are still some implementation dilemmas and technical difficulties. Therefore, on the premise of fully considering the legitimate rights and interests of different subjects,such as individuals, enterprises and the state, and ensuring that China’s Internet enterprises can effectively participate in the interaction of the digital governance ecosystem, the content and path of enterprises’ “data assistance”obligations should be clarified from the perspectives of subject type, object clarity, procedure standardization and system design logic. In this way, it provides theoretical support and practical basis for the creation of a pluralistic digital governance pattern and the formation of a benign digital governance order.