2019~2021年医院抗菌药物不良反应及合理用药分析

Analysis of adverse reactions and discussion of rational use of antibiotics in hospitals from 2019 to 2021

目的:探讨2019~2021年医院抗菌药物不良反应及合理用药分析。方法:选取我院2019-01~2021-12共122例使用抗菌药物发生不良反应患者作为本次研究对象,分析发生不良反应时的抗菌药物给药途径、不合理用药形式、抗菌药物类型及发生不良反应的主要部位、器官。结果:在122例使用抗菌药物发生不良反应中,给药途径主要以静脉注射方式为主,占比90.98%,肌肉注射及口服占比较少,分别为3.28%及5.74%;不合理用药情况主要表现为给药时间过程及滴注速度过快,分别占比33.60%、32.79%;所使用到的抗菌药物类型有20余种,其中主要为头孢菌类及喹诺酮类药物,分别占比42.62%、32.79%,同时大环内酯类、青霉素及其他分别占比5.74%、8.20%、10.65%;患者发生不良反应部位主要集中在局部皮肤组织,占比52.46%,其余心血管系统、神经系统、消化系统、呼吸系统分别占比18.03%、11.48%、10.65%、7.38%。结论:临床不合理使用抗菌药物治疗不仅无法取得较好的治疗效果,还会对患者用药安全产生一定影响,且抗菌药物出现不良反应的因素众多,因此临床医护人员增强对抗菌药物的认识,并相应的加强抗菌药物的监管与控制力度,尽可能做到合理用药,避免发生不良反应。

Objective:To investigate the adverse reactions and rational use of antibiotics in hospital from 2019 to 2021.Methods:A total of 122 patients with adverse reactions to antibiotics in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively selected as the research objects.The routes of antibiotics administration,irrational forms of drug use,types of antibiotics and the main sites and organs of adverse reactions were analyzed.Results:Among 122 cases of adverse reactions to antibiotics,intravenous injection was the main route of administration,accounting for 90.98%,intramuscular injection and oral administration accounted for 3.28%and 5.74%,respectively.Irrational drug use was mainly characterized by the drug administration time course and excessive infusion speed,accounting for 33.60%and 32.79%,respectively.More than 20 types of antibiotics were used,among which the main ones were cephalosporins and quinolones,accounting for 42.62%and 32.79%respectively,while macrolides,penicillin and others accounted for 5.74%,8.20%and 10.65%respectively.The sites of adverse reactions were mainly concentrated in the local skin tissue,accounting for 52.46%,and the other cardiovascular system,nervous system,digestive system and respiratory system accounted for 18.03%,11.48%,10.65%and 7.38%,respectively.Conclusion:clinical rational use of antimicrobial medical treatment not only cannot achieve good treatment effect,also a certain influence on patients medication safety,and antibacterial drug adverse reaction factors,clinical medical staff so enhance the understanding of antimicrobial agents,and the corresponding strengthen the supervision and control of antimicrobial drugs,as far as possible do the rational use of drugs,avoid adverse reactions.