智能导钻技术体系与相关理论研发进展

Research and progress of Intelligent Drilling Technology System and related theories

为满足国家高效低成本开发深层/超深层(埋深4500~9000 m)油气资源的战略需求,亟待发展适合我国地质禀赋的深层/超深层石油地质理论,创新支撑深层/超深层油气勘探开发的智能导钻技术体系.依托中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项“智能导钻技术装备体系与相关理论研究”(简称智能导钻系统),面向深层/超深层系统性开展了油气成藏理论、旋转导向和地质导向钻进技术、远程决策系统和装备试验平台研究.深层/超深层特有的高温、高压环境和水的加氢作用能显著提高油气资源潜力,多类型优质规模储集体形成的主控因素为“先天基础、后期改造、深埋保持”,多期成藏改造过程控制了深层/超深层油气藏类型和分布的差异性.围绕智能导钻技术体系的旋转导向(钻)、地质导向(测)、高速传输(传)、地面控制(控)四大子系统,突破了旋转导向高精度动态测量与控制、非接触高效电能与信号传输,随钻方位电磁波测井全对称抗干扰天线系、高温高压仪器设计与封装,井地数据传输非线性流体负载高精度伺服控制、强畸变信道微弱信号提取等关键技术.研制了旋转导向、地质导向、井地传输等10余支井下仪器,实现了“钻-测-传-控”一体化智能导钻系统的集成总装.目前正在开展系统实钻联调测试,力图研发“理论研究-技术研发-装备研制-生产应用”全链条自主知识产权的智能导钻装备,为保障国家能源安全提供理论与技术体系的支撑.

To meet the national strategic demand for efficient and low-cost development of deep/ultra-deep oil and gas resources(depth between 4500~9000 m),it is urgent to establish the geological theories of Chinese deep/ultra-deep oil and gas resources and develop the intelligent drilling technology system for supporting deep/ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration and development.Targeting at deep/ultra-deep hydrocarbon,supported by the“Research on Intelligent Drilling Technology and Equipment System and Related Theories”(called lntelligent Drilling System project for short)of the Class A Strategic Priority Program from the Chinese Academy of Sciences,researches on hydrocarbon accumulation theory,rotary steering and geosteering drilling technology,remote decision-making system and equipment test platform have been systematically conducted.Given that the high-temperature,high-pressure,and hydrogenation of water can significantly increase the potential of oil and gas resources at deep/ultra-deep formations,a theory is proposed,assuming“Initial foundation,late-stage transformation,deep burial retention”as the primary controlling factors for multi-type large-scale high-quality reservoirs and multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation and transformation as the controlling factors for the differences in the type and distribution patterns of deep/ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs.Based on the four subsystems of intelligent guide drilling technology system,which include rotary steering drilling equipment system(Drilling),geosteering logging while drilling(Measurement),high-speed transmission(Transmission),and ground control(Control),several breakthroughs have been achieved,including rotary steering high-precision dynamic measurement and control,non-contact high-efficiency power and signal transmission,full symmetric anti-jamming antenna system for azimuth electromagnetic wave logging while drilling,design and packaging of high-temperature and high-pressure instruments,high-precision servo control of nonlinear fluid load in borehole data transmission,weak signal extraction through strong distortion channel,etc.More than 10 downhole instruments,such as rotary steering system,geosteering and borehole transmission,have been developed,realizing the integrated assembly of the integrated intelligent drilling guide system of“Drilling-Measurement-Transmission-Control”.The field drilling joint commissioning tests are currently in progress,attempting to develop intelligent drilling equipment with independent intellectual property rights in the whole chain of“theoretical research-technology research-equipment manufacturing-field application”,for the purpose of providing theoretical and technical supports for Chinese national energy security.