中国三大城市群工资差异的影响因素及其空间外溢效应

Influencing Factors and Their Spatial Spillover Effects of Wage Disparities in Three Major Urban Clusters in China

城市工资存在一定的空间自相关性,这就决定了需要基于空间外溢的视角对城市工资差异进行研究。文章选择中国最发达的三大城市群49个城市2000-2018年面板数据,采用空间计量方法对城市工资的影响因素及其空间外溢效应进行系统研究。研究结果显示,三大城市群城市平均工资具有显著的空间自相关特征,呈现“抱团效应”。空间计量结果表明:市场潜力、人口规模、人力资本、房价、产业结构、外商直接投资对城市工资具有显著影响;城市工资及其影响因素呈现显著的空间外溢效应。研究提出,城市化政策在进一步提升城市集聚度的同时,应设法打破城市间各类壁垒,释放城市间空间外溢效应,形成大中小城市合理的工资梯度,促进城市群一体化发展。

There is spatial autocorrelations among urban wages, which determines the need to study urban wage disparities from the perspective of spatial spillovers. Using a panel data of 49 cities from China’s three most developed urban clusters from 2000 to2018, this paper empirically examines the influencing factors affecting urban wages and their spillover effects through spatial econometric methods. The results show that urban wages in the three major urban clusters exhibit significant characteristics of spatial autocorrelation, showing the cluster effect. The spatial econometric results show that market potential, population size, human capital, housing prices, industrial structure and FDI have significant effects on urban wages, and urban wages and their influencing factors demonstrate significant spatial spillover effects. The study suggests that, while further enhancing urban agglomeration, urbanization policies should eliminate all kinds of barriers among cities, release the spatial spillover effects among cities, form a reasonable wage gradient among large, medium and small cities, and promote the integrated development of urban clusters.