《颜氏家训》语气词“矣”字用法探究

A Study of the Usage of the Modal Particle “Yi” in Yan’s Family Instructions

《颜氏家训》中“矣”字作为语气词共出现80次,单用78例,连用2例。“矣”字主要用于陈述句中,表示已然、将然和必然语势及肯定语气。本文对《颜氏家训》句尾语气词“矣”的用法及特点进行了穷尽式的考察,并在共时研究的基础上进行历时研究,将《颜氏家训》中的“矣”字与上古汉语和近代汉语中的“矣”字作比较,进而窥视中古汉语句尾语气词的过渡性特点。

In Yan’s Family Instructions, the word "yi" as a Modal Particle appears 80 times, among which 78 cases are used alone and 2 cases are used with other words. The word "yi" is mainly used in declarative sentences, expressing the meaning of“already”,“about to”and“inevitability”with the affirmative tone. In this paper, an exhaustive study of the usage and characteristics of the Sentence-ending Particle "Yi" in Yan’s Family Instructions will be conducted with the approach of a diachronic study on the basis of synchronic research by comparing the word "yi" in Yan’s Family Instructions with the same word in ancient and modern Chinese in order to find out the transitional characteristics of the sentence-ending particle in the middle and ancient Chinese.