紧急状态下的反垄断法实施范式转变研究

On the Transformation of the Implementation Paradigm of Anti-monopoly Law in the State of Emergency

为适应紧急状态下社会经济的现实需求,反垄断法的实施目标、实施范围、实施方式都会做出适当调整。历史上,西方国家紧急状态下的反垄断法实施范式经历了重要转变,逐步舍弃了以透支竞争环境为代价换取社会经济复苏的做法。对比2008-2010年的国际金融危机时期以及2020年至今的疫情应对时期可知,我国反垄断法在紧急状态下经历了从“限缩实施”到“审慎实施”的范式转变。而在新《反垄断法》实施的背景下,更应进一步实现从“审慎实施”到“精准实施”的范式转变。为实现这一愿景,应从如下三方面的进路予以完善:在实施目标上,应实现从突出效率价值到促进多元价值衡平的转变;在实施范围上,应实现从重视适用除外到重视适用豁免制度的转变;在实施方式上,应实现从强化竞争执法到强化竞争推进的转变。

In order to meet the actual needs of the social economy in the state of emergency, the implementation goals, implementation scope and implementation methods of the anti-monopoly law will be adjusted appropriately. Historically, the implementation of anti-monopoly laws under the state of emergency in Western countries has undergone an important transition, gradually abandoning the practice of over drafting the competitive environment in exchange for social and economic recovery. During the response to the 2008-2010 international financial crisis and the COVID-19 response period from 2020 to the present, China’s anti-monopoly law has experienced a paradigm transformation from “limited implementation” to “prudent implementation” under the state of emergency. In the context of the implementation of the new anti monopoly law, we should further realize the paradigm transformation from “prudent implementation” to “accurate implementation”. In terms of implementation goals, it should realize the transformation from highlighting the value of efficiency to promoting the balance of multiple values;in terms of the scope of implementation, it should realize the change from emphasizing the application of exclusion to the application of the exemption system;in terms of implementation, it should realize the transformation from strengthening competition enforcement to strengthening competition promotion.