2015—2020年宁夏腹泻腺病毒分子流行病学特征分析

Molecular and epidemiological characteristics of adenovirus isolated in patients with acute diarrhea in Ningxia, 2015-2020

目的 了解宁夏回族自治区腹泻患者腺病毒感染状况,流行病学特点和基因进化特征,为腺病毒所致疾病的科学防控提供理论依据。方法 收集2015—2020年宁夏哨点监测医院门诊腹泻病例粪便样本,使用Real-time PCR方法筛选腺病毒阳性样本,通过PCR扩增腺病毒六邻体区基因,测序后进行病毒型别鉴定和基因进化分析。结果 2015—2020年共收集腹泻病例样本6 695份,共检测到腺病毒阳性样本278份(4.2%)。其中,2017年腹泻样本数最多(1 241份),且腺病毒阳性率最高(7.7%,96份);腺病毒阳性率在不同季节和不同年龄组的差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。278份腺病毒阳性样本中,测序获得80份腺病毒基因序列,经鉴定有3种基因型别,以F41型为主,其次为F40型和C1型。结论 腺病毒F41型是造成宁夏回族自治区肠道腺病毒性腹泻的优势型别,全年均有病例,全年龄组人群均易感。

Objective To examine infection characteristics and genetic evolution of adenovirus isolated in patients with diarrhea in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Ningxia) for providing evidence to the prevention and control of human adenovirus infection. Methods Totally 6 695 fecal specimens were collected from diarrheal outpatients at 10 diarrhea sentinel hospitals in 5 cities of Ningxia from 2015 through 2020. Adenovirus positive samples were screened out with realtime PCR. The gene of adenovirus hexon was amplified with PCR and sequenced for virus type identification and phylogenetic analysis. Results Of all the specimens detected, 4.2%(278) were adenovirus positive and the positive rate was the highest(7.7%) for the specimens collected in 2017. There were significant differences in the adenovirus positive rate among the specimens collected in different seasons and isolated from the outpatients of various age groups. Gene sequences were obtained for the 80 adenovirus strains isolated from the 278 viral positive specimens. For the 80 viral strains, three genotypes were identified and the main type was F41, followed by type F40 and type C1. Conclusion Adenovirus-induced diarrhea occured across a year among the people of various ages in Ningxia during 2015-2020 and the dominant adenovirus strain causing the diarrheal diseases was type F41.