乡村振兴背景下西部地区健康扶贫政策调适路径研究

Adjustment paths of Western China’s policies for poverty alleviation via health careunder the background of the rural revitalization

目的回顾审视2010年以来的健康扶贫政策,提出调整优化路径以实现政策创新与时代特征相互耦合。方法采用政策工具和政策目标二维框架分析42份贵州省主要的健康扶贫政策文本,对政策工具使用结构和不同层次目标的受重视程度进行量化分析。结果西部地方政府健康扶贫政策工具配置齐全,政策手段丰富多样,政策体系初步成型。同时发现供给型政策工具运用不充分,需求型、环境型政策工具内部结构不均衡;在不同政策目标关注程度上,政策注意力分配失衡。结论建议优化政策结构,提高政策工具的契合度;转变政策理念,加强健康管理;提高政策普惠性,建立防范因病致返贫长效机制;关照政策运行的西部民族地区实际,推动中医药健康扶贫的特色与优势进一步发挥。

Objective To analyze retrospectively the policies for poverty alleviation via health care from 2010,and to put forward paths for adjusting and optimizing policies so as to realize the coupling of policy innovation with the characteristics of the contemporary age.Methods A two-dimensional analytical framework with policy tools and goals was constructed to analyze 42 policy texts of poverty alleviation via health care in Guizhou Province.And a quantitative analysis was made of the usage structure of policy tools and the valued degree of different levels of objectives.Results The study found that local governments in the Western China had a complete set of policy tools for poverty alleviation via health care,policy instruments were diverse,and the policy system was taking shape.Meanwhile,supply-based policy tools were relatively insufficient,and environment-based and demand-based policy tools were unbalanced in their internal structure.As for the valued level of different policy objectives,the distribution of policy attention was unbalanced.Conclusions In view of these problems,it is suggested that the policy structure be optimized to promote the integration of policy tools,policy priniciplesbe changed to strengthen health management,the universal benefits of policies be improved to establish a long-term mechanism to prevent and resolve the return to poverty due to illness,and the characteristics and advantages of poverty alleviation via traditional Chinese medicine be further promoted according to local conditions.