农村地区老年人预防流行性传染病的知识、态度及行为调查

Knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of the rural elderly in preventing epidemic infectious diseases

目的了解农村地区老年人预防流行性传染病的知识、态度及行为水平。方法2021年7—8月采用便利抽样方法抽取江西省农村地区60岁以上的老年人750人,采用自编问卷对其展开调查。测量农村地区老年人预防流行性传染病的知识、态度及行为水平,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响农村地区老年人预防流行性传染病的因素。结果本次调查回收有效问卷720份,有效率96.0%。老年人预防流行性传染病的知识、态度和行为的总分平均值(18.17±3.85)分,其中结果为差的老年人占55.56%(400/720),一般占44.44%(320/720),结果为一般的老年人在知识、态度及行为三个维度及总分的得分均高于差的老年人(P<0.05)。经多因素分析发现,年龄越大、文化程度越低、身体健康状况越差、收入越低的农村老年人,其传染病防控知识、行为及态度水平越低;以务农为职业的老年人,其传染病防控知识、态度及行为水平低于退休职员、退休卫生人员和其它职业老年人(P<0.05)。结论江西省农村地区老年人预防流行性传染病的知识、态度及行为处于较低水平,年龄大、文化程度低、身体健康状况差、农民、月收入低为主要影响因素。应加强农村老年人的健康教育和管理,加大传染病防控教育力度,提高教育的时效性和精准度,提高农村老年人预防流行性传染病的健康素养。

Objective To explore the knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of the elderly in rural areas to prevent epidemic diseases.Methods From July to August 2021,750 elderly people over the age of 60 from rural areas of Jiangxi Province were selected by convenient sampling method,and a self-made questionnaire was used for as urvey of their knowledge,attitudes and behaviors in the prevention of epidemic infectious diseases,and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors that affected the prevention of epidemic diseases of the rural elderly.Results A total of 720 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 96.0%.The average score of the knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of the elderly to prevent epidemic diseases was(18.17±3.85)points,among which the elderly with poor results accounted for 55.56%(400/720),and the average accounted for 44.44%(320/720).The scores of the elderly people with average results in the three dimensions of knowledge,attitudes and behaviors and the total scores were higher than those with poor results(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis found that the older the rural elderly,the lower the education level,the poorer the health status and the lower the income,the lower level the knowledge,behaviors and attitudes of infectious disease prevention and control.The level of knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of infectious disease prevention and control among the elderly farmers was lower than that among retired employees,retired health workers and other occupational elderly(P<0.05).Conclusions The knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of the elderly in rural areas of Jiangxi Province in preventing epidemic diseases are at a lower level.The main influencing factors are old age,low education level,poor physical health,farmers and low monthly income.It is necessary to strengthen health education and management among the rural elderly,enhance the education on the prevention and control of infectious diseases,improve the timeliness and accuracy of education,and improve the health literacy of the elderly in rural areas to prevent epidemic diseases.