独居老人生活满意度及其影响因素研究

Life satisfaction of the elderly living alone and its influencing factors

目的了解我国独居老人的生活满意度现状并探讨其影响因素,为提高我国独居老人生活质量提供参考。方法基于2018年中国老年健康长寿影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,分析独居老人的生活满意度,并采用χ^(2)检验及二分类Logistic回归方法分析探讨独居老人生活满意度的影响因素。结果共采集1208名独居老人的数据资料,有662人(54.8%)对目前的生活表示满意,546人(45.2%)对目前的生活不满意;厨房使用抽油烟机通风(OR=1.966,95%CI:1.085~3.565)、自评健康状况一般和较好(OR=1.978,95%CI:1.256~3.114;OR=13.746,95%CI:8.374~22.563)、日常活动能力没有受到限制(OR=2.923,95%CI:1.048~8.149)、经济生活水平一般和富裕(OR=2.424,95%CI:1.581~3.715;OR=6.027,95%CI:3.139~11.573)、日常由社会照料(OR=4.935,95%CI:1.689~14.341)、有时或很少感到孤独(OR=1.967,95%CI:1.328~2.913;OR=3.279,95%CI:2.262~4.755)的独居老人生活满意度较高(P<0.05)。结论我国独居老人总体生活满意度较低,应重视独居老人的身心状况及居住环境,适度提高老人经济收入,完善老年人社会保障机制,提升独居老人晚年生活的幸福感。

Objective To know about the current situation of life satisfaction of the elderly living alone in China and to explore its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for improving the quality of life of such population.Methods Based on the 2018 data of The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),we analyzed the life satisfaction of the elderly living alone,and adopted theχ^(2)test and the binary Logistic regression method to explore the influencing factors for life satisfaction.Results Data were collected of a total of 1208 elderly living alone.Among them,662(54.8%)were satisfied with their current life,while 546(45.2%)were dissatisfied.The elderly lived with satisfaction included those who had a kitchen ventilator(OR=1.966,95%CI:1.085~3.565),who thought themselves in general and good state of health(OR=1.978,95%CI:1.256~3.114;OR=13.746,95%CI:8.374~22.563),who were free in performing daily activities(OR=2.923,95%CI:1.048~8.149),who had average and affluent living standard(OR=2.424,95%CI:1.581~3.715;OR=6.027,95%CI:3.139~11.573),who got daily social care(OR=4.935,95%CI:1.689~14.341),and who felt lonely only on occasional or rare occasions(OR=1.967,95%CI:1.328~2.913;OR=3.279,95%CI:2.262~4.755)(P<0.05).Conclusions The elderly living alone in China are generally less satisfied with their daily life,therefore,we should attach importance to their physical and mental status as well as the residential environment,improve their financial condition,perfect the social security mechanism for them to promote their well-being of life.