时态标记语言和个体量词标记语言的时空性类型

Spatiality and temporality of tense-marked and classifier-marked languages

本文从类型学角度探究世界语言时态标记和个体量词标记的表征,通过对比分析英、汉语时态和个体量词标记的语法化差异,论证汉语的空间性特质和英语的时间性特质,提出跨语言时态标记和个体量词标记的蕴涵共性假设。研究发现:1)时态标记和个体量词标记具有跨语言类型差异;2)世界语言的时态标记和个体量词标记遵循一条蕴涵共性:有时态标记蕴涵无个体量词标记,而有个体量词标记蕴涵无时态标记;3)世界语言的时态标记和个体量词标记的表征差异及其蕴涵共性取决于各自所属的语言类型和认知思维上的时空性特质。

This study explores tense-marked and classifier-marked languages from a typological perspective. The contrastive analysis of the grammaticalization of numeral classifier and tense in Chinese and English finds that Chinese is a spatiality-prominent language while English is temporality-prominent. An implicational universal about tense and numeral classifier markers is proposed. There are three main findings presented as follows: 1) languages indeed exhibit typological variation in the markers of tense and numeral classifiers;2) the markers of tense and numeral classifiers observe one implicational universal: the presence of tense indicates the lack of numeral classifiers, or the existence of numeral classifiers implies the lack of tense;3) these different language representations and the implicational universal are motivated by the diverse language types as well as the different traits of spatiality and temporality in cognitive thinking.