GVC视角下中国西部制造业上市公司跨境投资网络比较研究

Comparative Study on Cross-border Investment Networks of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Western China from the Perspective of Global Value Chain

基于全球价值链(GVC),文章构建了2018年中国西部制造业中两类主导产业对外投资形成的研发型、生产型和消费型城市网络,运用社会网络分析法、熵值法、多指标加权函数法和QAP分析法,分析城市网络的特征和影响因素。结果发现:(1)两类主导产业不同价值链环节的城市网络中,机械设备仪表产业的主要境内城市均是重庆,金属和非金属产业的主要境内城市均是成都。(2)两类主导产业的研发活动多投资于教育科研中心城市;生产活动多投资于发展中国家的区域中心城市;销售活动的投资目的地城市最多且分散。(3)两类主导产业不同价值链环节的城市网络中,研发型城市网络的密度均最大,城市间的联系最紧密;生产型城市网络的模块化程度和最近上限均最高,最易形成集群且易受核心节点影响;销售型城市网络的规模均最大、平均入度中心性均最大、关联度均最高,城市的联系能力最强且不易受核心节点影响。(4)两类主导产业的各环节跨境投资网络中,地理位置、市场潜力、政治制度和经济制度的影响均较大。具体两类主导产业不同价值链环节的城市网络的影响因素仍有差别。

Equipment and instrument industry and metal and non-metal industry are the two leading industries for foreign investment of listed manufacturing companies in western China,which have gradually integrated into global value chain(GVC) and formed a distinct feature of international division of labor. Based on the GVC and the outward investment of two leading manufacturing industries in western China in 2018,this paper classifies three types of urban network:R&D type,production type and sales type,and analyzes the characteristics and influencing factors of the urban network by using social network analysis method,entropy method,multi-index comprehensive evaluation method and QAP analysis method.The results show that: 1) In the urban networks of different value chain links of the two leading industries, Chongqing Municipality is the center of urban network of the equipment and instrument industry in China,Chengdu City is the center of urban network of the metal and non-metal industry in China. 2) R&D activities of the two leading industries are mostly invested in cities which are the education and scientific research centers. Production activities are mostly invested in regional central cities of developing countries. Investment destination cities for sales activities are the largest and scattered. 3) Among the different type of the urban networks of the two leading industries,the R&D-type urban network has the highest density, so cities in the network are most closely linked. The production-type urban network has the highest modularization degree and the largest least upper boundedness,so this network is most likely to form clusters and easily controlled by core nodes. The sales-type urban network has the largest scale,the largest average in-degree centrality and the highest correlation degree, so cities in the network have the strongest contact ability and are uneasy to be controlled by individual nodes. 4) Geographical location, market potential, political system and economic system have great influence on the cross-border investment network of each link of the two leading industries. There are still differences in the influencing factors of urban networks in different value chain links of the two leading industries.