基于生计恢复力的脱贫干预效果评估及其影响因素——以陇南山区为例

Effect Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Poverty Alleviation Intervention Based on Livelihood Resilience:A Case Study of Longnan Mountainous Area

随着全面脱贫目标的实现,中国已进入一个以次生贫困与相对贫困为主的新阶段。科学评估脱贫干预政策措施效果并揭示其关键影响因素,可为探索符合新时期农村贫困特征的减贫政策提供借鉴。文章以陇南山区为例,构建农户生计恢复力的评价指标体系,采用倾向得分匹配法和多元线性回归模型分析脱贫干预效果及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)脱贫干预对陇南山区农户的生计恢复力具有显著的正向作用,脱贫农户的生计恢复力较对照组增加了4.27%。其中,不同地貌类型区农户的脱贫干预效果存在差异,川坝河谷区农户的脱贫干预效果高于高山区和半山区农户;早期脱贫农户的脱贫干预作用效果要优于近、中期脱贫户。(2)脱贫干预方式的多样化程度与干预效果呈正相关,但随着干预措施多样化程度的增加,其增长幅度有所减缓。(3)农户的市场关注度、未来生活期望、克服困难的信心、参与技能培训的积极性、扶贫政策了解程度以及政策干预多样化、产业扶贫、电商扶贫、旅游扶贫、生态补偿扶贫强度均对脱贫干预效果产生了显著的积极影响。最后,提出了优化脱贫干预措施的建议。

With the achievement of the goal of comprehensive poverty alleviation,China has entered a new phase dominated by secondary poverty and relative poverty.Scientific assessment of the effectiveness of poverty alleviation interventions and revealing its key influencing factors can provide reference for the exploration of poverty alleviation strategies and policies to meet the characteristics of rural poverty in the new era.Taking Longnan mountainous area as research area,this paper constructed an evaluation index system of farmers’livelihood resilience,and analyzed the effectiveness of poverty alleviation interventions and its influencing factors by using the methods of the propensity score matching and the multiple linear regression model based on the survey data of farming households.The results showed that:1)Multiple poverty alleviation interventions had a positive effectiveness on the livelihood resilience of farming households in the Longnan mountainous area,and the livelihood resilience of out-of-poverty farming households increased by 4.27%compared with the control group.Among them,there are varied in the effectiveness of poverty alleviation interventions among different landforms,the effect of out-of-poverty farming households in river valley is higher than that in high and middle mountainous area.The effect of poverty alleviation interventions was better in the early phase of out-of-poverty farming households than that in the near and middle phase.2)There was a positive correlation between the degree of diversification of intervention measures and the effectiveness of intervention,but with the increase of the degree of diversification of intervention measures,the increase rate gradually slowed down.3)Farmers’attention to the market,their future life expectations,their confidence in overcoming difficulties,their enthusiasm for participating in skill alleviation training,their understanding of poverty policies,and the diversification of policy interventions,the intensity of industrial poverty alleviation,e-commerce poverty alleviation,tourism poverty alleviation and ecological compensation poverty alleviation all had a significant positive impacts on the effectiveness of poverty alleviation interventions.Finally,suggestions are put forward to optimize poverty alleviation intervention measures.