脊柱健康操对成都市脊柱发育异常小学生的矫治效果

Effect of spinal health exercises on primary school students with spinal dysplasia in Chengdu

目的 观察脊柱健康操对成都市脊柱发育异常小学生的矫治效果,为改善脊柱倾斜角度和脊柱后凸角度异常提供参考。方法 在2020年9月至2021年6月,选取成都市武侯区4所小学中高年级331名小学生,筛查出脊柱弯曲异常者94名,随机分为对照组和观察组各47例。对照组实施为期12周的常规体育活动,观察组在对照组基础上,实施12周线上线下相结合的脊柱健康操训练。采用SpineScan手持式电子脊柱测量仪测试2组对象实施前后的脊柱活动度(颈椎、胸椎的侧屈角度、前屈后伸角度以及旋转角度)、脊柱倾斜角度、脊柱后凸角度、身体平衡度(肩水平线、骶髂后棘水平线),并采用手持式肺活量计测试两组实验前后的肺活量。结果 实施12周干预后,观察组和对照组在颈椎侧屈角度(78.36±3.72, 72.39±3.17)°、颈椎前屈后伸角度(112.37±5.17,107.41±4.40)°、颈椎旋转角度(119.37±4.22,112.49±5.78)°、腰椎侧屈角度(49.37±4.12,41.85±3.37)°、腰椎前屈后伸角度(106.47±4.90,98.09±3.84)°、腰椎旋转角度(54.37±5.12,50.30±4.17)°,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.24,2.82,4.02,4.96,4.36,5.75,P值均<0.05);两组的脊柱倾斜角度(4.14±0.36,6.02±0.48)°、脊柱后凸角度(30.17±1.82、37.48±2.14)°、肩水平线不平衡度(0.96±0.18,2.30±0.37)°、骶髂后棘水平线不平衡度(0.77±0.15, 1.40±0.21)°差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-5.95,-6.74,-7.52,-6.58,P值均<0.01);两组肺活量[(2 119.55±115.40)(2 042.47±104.35)mL]差异有统计学意义(t=4.81,P<0.01)。结论 脊柱健康操能提高脊柱弯曲异常小学生的脊柱关节活动度,改善脊柱倾斜角度和脊柱后凸角度异常,提高身体平衡度和肺活量。

Objective To observe the intervention effect of spinal health exercises on primary school students with spinal dysplasia in Chengdu, and to provide a reference for improving abnormal spinal curvature. Methods From September 2020 to June 2021, 331 middle and senior primary school students from four primary schools in Wuhou District, Chengdu were selected, and 94 with abnormal spinal curvature were screened. They were randomly divided into control group(n=47) and observation group(n=47). The control group received 12 weeks of routine sports activities, and the observation group were administered with 12 weeks of online and offline spinal health exercises on the basis of the control group. Spinescan hand-held electronic spine measuring instrument was used to test the spinal mobility(including lateral flexion angle, forward flexion and extension angle and rotation angle of cervical spine and thoracic spine), spinal tilt angle, spinal kyphosis angle and body balance of the two groups before and after implementation(shoulder horizontal line and posterior sacroiliac spine horizontal line);and the vital capacity of the two groups before and after intervention was measured by hand-held spirometer. Results After 12 weeks of implementation, the observation group and the control group including cervical lateral flexion angle(78.36±3.72, 72.39±3.17)°, cervical flexion and extension angle(112.37±5.17, 107.41±4.40)°, cervical rotation angle(119.37±4.22, 112.49±5.78)°, lumbar lateral flexion angle(49.37±4.12, 41.85±3.37)°, lumbar flexion and extension angle(106.47±4.90, 98.09±3.84)°, lumbar rotation angle(54.37±5.12, 50.30±4.17)° the differences were statistically significant(t=5.24, 2.82, 4.02, 4.96, 4.36, 5.75, P<0.05);Compared with the control group, the inclination angle of spine(4.14±0.36, 6.02±0.48)°, kyphosis angle(30.17±1.82, 37.48±2.14)°, shoulder horizontal line(0.96±0.18,2.30±0.37)° and posterior sacroiliac spine horizontal line(0.77±0.15, 1.40±0.21)° in the observation group were smaller than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(t=-5.95,-6.74,-7.52,-6.58, P<0.01);Compared with the control group in vital capacity(2 119.55±115.40, 2 042.47±104.35)mL, the observation group was greater than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(t=4.81, P<0.01). Conclusion Spinal health exercises can improve the range of motion of spinal joints, the abnormal angle of spinal tilt and kyphosis, as well as the body balance and vital capacity of primary school students with spinal dysplasia.